Flashcards : Understanding Machine, Assembly, and High-Level Languages — 18 cartes

Binary instructions directly executed by the CPU.

Uses mnemonics to represent machine instructions.

Portable and easier to program across different hardware.

Compiler translates entire code before execution; interpreter translates line-by-line at runtime.

Copying executable into memory for running.

Combines object files, resolves references.

Adjusts addresses when loading at different memory locations.

Automate code expansion before compilation.

Interactively find and fix program errors.

Program in execution with resources and state.

All info about a process, including state and resources.

Saves current process state, restores next process.

Enable data exchange and synchronization between processes.

Processes access common memory region for data sharing.

Processes send/receive messages to communicate.

Manages hardware/software resources and acts as intermediary.

Request services from the OS.

Starting the computer and loading the OS.