Exam-Oriented Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

• Northwest Passage: Fabled water route through Canada to Asia; never successfully navigated but driven exploration.
• House of Burgesses: First elected legislative assembly in colonial America (Virginia, 1619).
• Puritans: Religious reform seeking purity of worship; settled Massachusetts Bay for religious discipline.
• May Compact: 1620 self-governing agreement establishing colonial self-rule.
• Roger Williams: Banned Puritan minister; founded Rhode Island; championed religious freedom and separation of church and state.
• William Penn: Quaker; established Pennsylvania for religious tolerance and democratic principles.
• Middle Passage: Brutal transatlantic voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas.
• Habeas Corpus: Legal safeguard against unlawful detention; "you shall have the body."
• Enlightenment: 18th-century movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights influencing American founding.
• Proclamation of 1763: British order forbidding colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• Stamp Act (1765): Tax on printed materials; sparked protests and colonial unity.
• John Adams: Founding father; advocate for independence; negotiated Treaty of Paris.
• Battle of Trenton (1776): Surprise Continental victory boosting morale during Revolutionary War.
• Yorktown (1781): Final major battle; British surrender; end of Revolutionary…