Fiche de révision : Ilaya, Ilawod, and Igorot Culture

📋 Course Outline

1. Ilaya Communities and Environment
2. Ilaya Livelihoods and Traditions
3. Ilawod Communities and Access
4. Ilawod Livelihoods and Culture
5. Ilaya and Ilawod Comparison
6. Igorot Origins and Cordillera
7. Igorot Livelihoods and Culture

📖 1. Ilaya Communities and Environment

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Ilaya : Refers to communities located in mountains, hills, and river headwaters, in the higher parts of the land far from coasts and plains.

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

• Ilaya communities are commonly home to Indigenous groups who live close to nature and adapt to highland environments.

• Examples of Ilaya groups are the Ifugao, Kalinga, Bontoc, Mangyan, and Manobo.

Further detail

• The natural environments associated with Ilaya include forests, minerals, and spring water.

• Each listed Ilaya group has distinctive language, art, and customs shaped by its environment.

📖 2. Ilaya Livelihoods and Traditions

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

• Ilaya farmers cultivate terraced rice fields and grow vegetables and fruits in the mountains using traditional methods suited to narrow highland land.

• Ilaya livelihoods also include animal raising, hunting, gathering in forests, and making objects from wood and bamboo.

• Ilaya culture is closely connected to nature and Indigenous traditions.

Further detail

• Ilaya activities demonstrate extensive knowledge of and a close relationship with the surrounding environment.

• Ilaya rituals, songs, and dances express beliefs and values concerning nature and ancestors.

📖 3. Ilawod Communities and Access

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Ilawod : Refers to communities in lower areas, along rivers, on plains, or on coasts, where trade and interaction are concentrated.

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

• Ilawod communities are close to families, ports, and trade routes.

• Ilawod communities serve as centers for commerce and the exchange of ideas.

Further detail

• The location of Ilawod communities makes them easier for visitors and merchants to reach.

• The environments associated with Ilawod include plains, riverbanks, and coasts.

📖 4. Ilawod Livelihoods and Culture

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

• Ilawod people obtain food and livelihoods from the sea, rivers, and plains through fishing and plain-land farming.

• Ilawod communities actively trade and exchange goods because of their accessible location.

• Ilawod culture is open to trade and influence from other places.

Further detail

• Boat making is one of the principal skills of communities in coastal Ilawod areas.

• Fishpond cultivation is an important livelihood in Ilawod areas near water.

• Markets and interaction allow different groups to exchange ideas, knowledge, and beliefs rapidly.

📖 5. Ilaya and Ilawod Comparison

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

📌 Ilaya is characterized by mountains, hills, headwaters, terraced farming, hunting, forests, minerals, spring water, simple houses, close contact with nature, and Indigenous rituals and art, whereas Ilawod is characterized by plains, rivers, coasts, fishing, trade, plain farming, seas, rivers, farmland, openness to commerce, modern living, and trade-influenced art and celebrations.

• Geography influences the culture and livelihood of both Ilaya and Ilawod communities.

Further detail

• Ilaya homes and lifestyles are described as simple and close to nature.

• Ilawod culture includes artistic practices and celebrations influenced by commerce and interaction.

💡 Memory Hook

Forest resources and indigenous traditions versus water routes and trade influence

📖 6. Igorot Origins and Cordillera

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Igorot : Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Administrative Region in northern Luzon, known as mountain people with deep cultural, traditional, and historical roots.

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

• The Igorot have lived in the Cordillera mountains for thousands of years.

• The principal provinces inhabited by different Igorot groups are Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Abra, and Apayao.

• The high Cordillera mountains shaped Igorot culture, livelihood, and traditions over many generations.

Further detail

• Igorot communities established stable settlements in Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Apayao.

📖 7. Igorot Livelihoods and Culture

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Bayanihan : The spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance in activities such as farming and building homes.

📝 Essential Points

★ Must-know

• Traditional Igorot farming includes growing rice in rice terraces and harvesting root crops in the mountains.

• Igorot rituals are performed before planting, during harvest, at weddings, and for healing, and elders guide these rituals.

Further detail

• Traditional Igorot arts and livelihoods include weaving cloth and carving wood.

• Igorot communities hunt and gather food from the natural environment of the Cordillera mountains.

• Community cooperation supports the well-being of each family and barangay.

📊 Synthesis Tables

Ilaya and Ilawod Comparison