The British Monarchy and Constitution

1. 📌 Essentials

• The UK has a constitutional monarchy, where the monarch's powers are largely ceremonial.
• ** prerogatives** include appointment of PM, royal assent, and prorogation, mostly exercised on advice.
• The Magna Carta (1215) limited royal power and established the rule of law.
• The Bill of (1689) affirmed parliamentary sovereignty and individual rights.
• The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) led to the constitutional monarchy.
• Power shifted from the monarchy to Parliament over centuries via key acts.
• Constitutional conventions are unwritten but binding rules (e.g., appointment of PM).
• The British constitution is uncodified, based on statutes, common law, conventions, and works of authority.
• Recent crises include the 2019 prorogation case and Brexit, testing constitutional principles.
• Today, the monarchy is symbolic and ceremonial, with no real political power.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components