European integration — post-1945 process?
European states cooperate to rebuild and prevent conflict.
Franco-German reconciliation — role?
Core of European unity after WWII.
Council of Europe — purpose?
Promote human rights and democracy in Europe.
United States of Europe — Churchill’s idea?
Unified Europe to strengthen global position.
Maastricht Treaty — year and significance?
1992; created the EU as a supranational organization.
UK reluctance — main concern?
Loss of control over economy and sovereignty.
Treaty of Rome — purpose?
Founded the EEC to develop a common market.
UK objections in 1950s — reasons?
Loss of control, Commonwealth ties, anti-federalism.
De Gaulle’s veto — year and reason?
1963; UK’s extensive world links and US closeness.
UK entry — year?
1973, after De Gaulle’s resignation in 1969.
Thatcher’s Bruges speech — year?
1988; criticized Brussels’ power and emphasized shared history.
European Parliament — Thatcher’s view?
Feared it would reduce domestic parliamentary control.
CAP crisis — year and issue?
1980; UK challenged EU farm subsidy spending.
UK budget contribution — comparison?
Higher than Germany and France due to outside imports.
UK opt-outs — examples?
Schengen area (1985), Single Market (1986).
Maastricht Social Chapter — UK stance?
Objected; removed from treaty; left to national governments.
UKIP — founding reason?
Oppose deeper European integration, triggered by Maastricht.
UKIP membership — growth?
From 10,000 in 2010 to 35,000 in 2016.
Brexit referendum — date?
23 June 2016.
Vote outcome — percentage?
52% Leave, 48% Remain.
North/South divide — Brexit?
Leave mostly in lower-income, high-unemployment areas.
Brexit negotiations — options?
Hard Brexit (full exit), Soft Brexit (closer ties).
Testez vos connaissances avec un QCM de 11 questions sur UK and European Integration: History and Politics.
1. Why was European integration promoted in the years after World War II?
2. What was the main reason the UK hesitated to join the EEC in the 1950s?
Révisez le cours complet dans la fiche de révision de UK and European Integration: History and Politics.
Voir la fiche →Importe ton cours et l'IA génère des flashcards en 30 secondes.
Générateur de flashcards