QCM : Animal Cell Culture Biotechnology — 16 questions

Question 1

1. Why should a cell culture laboratory include storage at several temperatures, including 4°C, −20°C, −80°C, and liquid-nitrogen temperature?

Different biological materials require different storage conditions

Cells must be repeatedly cycled through all temperatures

Each temperature corresponds to a separate airflow direction

Temperature variation is needed to sterilize the work surface

Explication

Cell culture laboratories store different reagents, samples, and cell stocks under temperature-specific conditions, including refrigeration, freezing, and liquid-nitrogen preservation. Materials are not normally cycled through every temperature.

Answer

Different biological materials require different storage conditions

Question 2

2. Why can cell and tissue cultures require less test compound than animal models in experimental studies?

They convert compounds into stronger active forms

They prevent compounds from interacting with cells

They eliminate the need to measure compound concentration

They use smaller, more controlled biological samples

Explication

Cell and tissue cultures provide smaller, more homogeneous experimental systems, so less compound is generally needed than in whole-animal models. The other choices do not describe an established advantage of culture systems.

Answer

They use smaller, more controlled biological samples

Question 3

3. A researcher needs a model that closely resembles the original tissue but expects limited cell divisions and increasing fibroblast dominance over time. Which culture type best fits this purpose?

Continuous suspension culture

Organ culture

Chemically defined culture

Primary culture

Explication

Primary cultures resemble their parent tissue but are limited in lifespan, initially heterogeneous, and often become dominated by fibroblasts. Organ cultures preserve three-dimensional organization rather than primarily expanding cells from a tissue sample.

Answer

Primary culture

Question 4

4. A culture has severe, unrecoverable contamination despite attempted treatment. What is the safest course of action?

Continue culturing it until the contaminant becomes less visible

Increase the antimicrobial concentration without further assessment

Mix it with a clean culture to dilute the contamination

Discard the culture, decontaminate the workspace, and restart

Explication

For an unrecoverable contaminated culture, the safest response is disposal followed by workspace decontamination and restarting with a fresh culture.

Answer

Discard the culture, decontaminate the workspace, and restart

Question 5

5. A culture requires a medium whose ingredients and protein additives are all purified and contamination-free. Which type of medium best fits this requirement?

Chemically defined medium

Conditioned medium

Embryo extract medium

Natural serum medium

Explication

A chemically defined medium contains ultrapure inorganic and organic ingredients and may include purified proteins such as growth factors. Conditioned medium contains undefined components released or supplied by cells.

Answer

Chemically defined medium

Question 6

6. Which type of contaminant is generally difficult to detect and includes endotoxins, plasticizers, metal ions, and disinfectant residues?

Chemical contaminant

Cross-contaminating cell line

Fungal contaminant

Bacterial contaminant

Explication

Chemical contaminants are usually difficult to detect and include endotoxins, plasticizers, metal ions, and traces of disinfectants. Biological contaminants more often produce visible effects.

Answer

Chemical contaminant

Question 7

7. A culture contains cells from a different established cell line, but no microorganism has been introduced. What is this problem called?

Endotoxin contamination

Chemical contamination

Biological contamination

Cross-contamination

Explication

Cross-contamination specifically means that cells from another cell line have entered the culture. Contamination more broadly can involve unwanted microorganisms or substances.

Answer

Cross-contamination

Question 8

8. A researcher uses bicarbonate buffering in a culture medium. Which atmospheric condition is needed to maintain this buffering system?

An atmosphere containing 5–10% carbon dioxide

An atmosphere without controlled gases

An atmosphere containing 1–2% oxygen

An atmosphere containing 20–25% nitrogen

Explication

Natural buffering depends on equilibrium between gaseous carbon dioxide and carbonate/bicarbonate in the medium, requiring an atmosphere containing 5–10% CO₂. HEPES buffering does not require controlled gaseous CO₂.

Answer

An atmosphere containing 5–10% carbon dioxide

Question 9

9. What is the recommended first step after contamination is detected in a cell culture?

Increase the serum concentration in the medium

Add a broad-spectrum antibiotic immediately

Identify the type of contaminant present

Transfer the culture to a larger incubator

Explication

The contaminant should first be identified as bacterial, fungal, mycoplasmal, or yeast contamination. This identification guides isolation and subsequent decontamination decisions.

Answer

Identify the type of contaminant present

Question 10

10. Which research applications commonly use animal tissue culture to investigate biological responses under controlled conditions?

Ecology, astronomy, geology, and meteorology

Nutrition, climatology, seismology, and oceanography

Developmental biology, pharmacology, toxicology, and regenerative medicine

Taxonomy, paleontology, linguistics, and archaeology

Explication

Animal tissue culture is used in developmental biology, pharmacology, toxicology, and regenerative medicine. These fields benefit from studying cells or tissues under controlled experimental conditions.

Answer

Developmental biology, pharmacology, toxicology, and regenerative medicine

Question 11

11. What is the distinct effect of the high-molecular-weight fraction of chick embryo extract in cell culture?

It promotes general cell survival without differentiation

It supplies iron for cellular metabolism

It prevents attachment of cells to the culture surface

It promotes pigment-cell and cartilage-cell differentiation

Explication

The high-molecular-weight fraction promotes differentiation of pigment cells and cartilage cells. The low-molecular-weight fraction instead promotes cell proliferation.

Answer

It promotes pigment-cell and cartilage-cell differentiation

Question 12

12. Which measurement describes the ability of individual cells to produce colonies?

Cloning efficiency

Plateau-phase growth

Plating efficiency

Population doubling time

Explication

Cloning efficiency measures whether individual cells can generate colonies, whereas plating efficiency measures the proportion of seeded cells that attach and grow into colonies.

Answer

Cloning efficiency

Question 13

13. Why are organ and embryo cultures generally less suitable than cell cultures for large-scale production?

They consist exclusively of isolated cells in suspension

They lack differentiated cells and physiological functions

They grow slowly and require fresh explantation for each experiment

They cannot be maintained in a three-dimensional form

Explication

Organ and embryo cultures maintain differentiated cells and physiological functions, but their slow growth and need for fresh explants make scale-up difficult. These features distinguish them from more scalable cell culture systems.

Answer

They grow slowly and require fresh explantation for each experiment

Question 14

14. Which combination of environmental conditions is essential for maintaining mammalian cells in a culture incubator?

Strong ultraviolet radiation, dry air, and uncontrolled CO₂

Freezing temperature, low pressure, and continuous airflow

Low humidity, variable temperature, and atmospheric nitrogen

Controlled temperature, high humidity, and regulated CO₂ tension

Explication

A cell culture incubator must provide controlled temperature, high humidity, and controlled CO₂ tension. These conditions help maintain cell viability and the appropriate chemical environment of the medium.

Answer

Controlled temperature, high humidity, and regulated CO₂ tension

Question 15

15. Which component of serum binds iron, reducing its toxicity while increasing its bioavailability to cultured cells?

Fibronectin

Fetuin

α₂-macroglobulin

Transferrin

Explication

Transferrin binds iron and makes it less toxic and more bioavailable. Fibronectin and fetuin primarily enhance cell attachment, while α₂-macroglobulin inhibits trypsin.

Answer

Transferrin

Question 16

16. Why should antibiotics and antimycotics be evaluated using dose-response testing before routine use in contaminated cultures?

High concentrations may be toxic to certain cell lines

Low concentrations permanently alter the culture medium

These agents remove chemical contaminants more effectively at high doses

Dose-response testing prevents all future contamination

Explication

Antibiotics and antimycotics can harm some cell lines at high concentrations, so their effects should be tested across doses before use.

Answer

High concentrations may be toxic to certain cell lines

QCM : Animal Cell Culture Biotechnology — 16 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. Why should a cell culture laboratory include storage at several temperatures, including 4°C, −20°C, −80°C, and liquid-nitrogen temperature?

2. Why can cell and tissue cultures require less test compound than animal models in experimental studies?

3. A researcher needs a model that closely resembles the original tissue but expects limited cell divisions and increasing fibroblast dominance over time. Which culture type best fits this purpose?

4. A culture has severe, unrecoverable contamination despite attempted treatment. What is the safest course of action?

5. A culture requires a medium whose ingredients and protein additives are all purified and contamination-free. Which type of medium best fits this requirement?

6. Which type of contaminant is generally difficult to detect and includes endotoxins, plasticizers, metal ions, and disinfectant residues?

7. A culture contains cells from a different established cell line, but no microorganism has been introduced. What is this problem called?

8. A researcher uses bicarbonate buffering in a culture medium. Which atmospheric condition is needed to maintain this buffering system?

9. What is the recommended first step after contamination is detected in a cell culture?

10. Which research applications commonly use animal tissue culture to investigate biological responses under controlled conditions?

11. What is the distinct effect of the high-molecular-weight fraction of chick embryo extract in cell culture?

12. Which measurement describes the ability of individual cells to produce colonies?

13. Why are organ and embryo cultures generally less suitable than cell cultures for large-scale production?

14. Which combination of environmental conditions is essential for maintaining mammalian cells in a culture incubator?

15. Which component of serum binds iron, reducing its toxicity while increasing its bioavailability to cultured cells?

16. Why should antibiotics and antimycotics be evaluated using dose-response testing before routine use in contaminated cultures?

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