Flashcards : Animal Research Regulation and Techniques — 24 cartes

Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 regulates animal research.

EU law updated animal research regulation, enacted in UK 2013.

Vertebrates and cephalopods are covered; invertebrates like C. elegans are excluded.

Any act likely causing pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm above a needle threshold.

Establishment (PEL), project (PPL), individual (PIL).

Complete ban under UK animal research framework.

Replacement, Reduction, Refinement to minimize animal use and suffering.

Use in vitro or less sentient organisms instead of higher animals.

Design studies to use fewer animals with proper controls.

Improve handling, anesthesia, and monitoring to reduce pain.

Predefined criteria to end experiments early, minimizing suffering.

Bregma and Lambda are key skull landmarks for targeting brain regions.

Identify Bregma, level skull with Lambda, drill burr hole, lower micro-syringe.

Rotarod (motor), Cylinder (sensorimotor), NOR (memory), Sucrose (anhedonia).

Decreased response after repeated stimuli, reflecting learning.

KO deletes gene; KI inserts or modifies gene.

A 20-base-pair sequence guiding Cas9 to target DNA.

Denaturation, annealing, extension.

Starting DNA strand(s) to be amplified.

Convert RNA to cDNA then amplify.

Cycle at which fluorescence crosses threshold; lower means more target.

Relative compares Ct between samples; absolute uses standards for copy number.

DNA moves toward positive; smaller fragments migrate farther.

Band intensity reflects relative DNA amount, size estimated with ladder.