Cancer hallmarks — definition?
Biological traits enabling tumor growth and spread.
Cancer hallmarks — definition?
Biological capabilities enabling tumor growth and spread.
Cell cycle dysregulation — mechanism?
Mutations in genes controlling cell division lead to uncontrolled proliferation.
Sustaining proliferative signaling — role?
Allows continuous growth stimulation in cancer cells.
Tumor microenvironment — components?
Includes stromal cells, immune cells, ECM, and signaling molecules.
Evading growth suppressors — example?
Inactivation of p53 or RB.
Resisting cell death — mechanism?
Avoiding apoptosis through pathway mutations.
Enabling replicative immortality — factor?
Telomerase activation maintains telomeres.
Angiogenesis — process?
Tumors stimulate new blood vessel formation.
Invasion and metastasis — ability?
Cancer spreads to distant sites.
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1. What are the 'Hallmarks of Cancer' as described in cancer biology?
2. Who were the scientists that initially proposed the six hallmarks of cancer?
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