Lactase deficiency — definition?
Inability to digest lactose due to low lactase enzyme activity.
Symptoms after dairy — caused by?
Undigested lactose fermenting in the gut, causing gas and diarrhea.
Osmolar diarrhea — mechanism?
Unabsorbed lactose draws water into the intestine.
Bile — role in fat digestion?
Emulsifies fats into smaller droplets for enzyme action.
Bile slows — effect?
Peristalsis, prolonging digestion.
Caspases — activated by?
Unfolded proteins triggering apoptosis.
Caspases — function?
Execute apoptosis by cleaving cellular proteins.
Cell cycle arrest — caused by?
Spindle damage activating the metaphase checkpoint.
Colchicine — effect on spindle?
Inhibits microtubule polymerization, causing metaphase arrest.
Spindle assembly — process?
Microtubules organize from centrosomes to form bipolar spindle.
Proliferation — key in?
Embryonic development and tissue growth.
Chromosome — type based on?
Centromere position and arm length.
Metacentric chromosome — arm length?
Equal arms, centromere in the middle.
Centromere — location?
Region where sister chromatids attach during division.
Chromosome classification — types?
Metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric.
Centromere position — determines?
Chromosome type and segregation behavior.
Sickle cell mutation — type?
Point mutation in HBB gene, glutamic acid to valine.
Lethal mutations — effect?
Cause organism death or prevent survival.
Mutations in sperm — consequence?
Infertility or subfertility due to disrupted spermatogenesis.
Vitiligo mutations — impact?
Affect melanocyte function, causing depigmentation.
Teste tes connaissances avec un QCM de 10 questions sur Cellular and Digestive Processes Masterclass.
1. What is lactase deficiency?
2. Where is bile primarily formed in the digestive process?
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