Cyanotic defects — shunt type?
Right-to-left shunting causes cyanosis.
Acyanotic defects — shunt type?
Left-to-right shunting increases pulmonary flow.
Pulmonary blood flow — defect classification?
Classifies defects as increased, normal, or decreased.
Right-to-left shunt — effect?
Causes systemic desaturation and cyanosis.
Left-to-right shunt — effect?
Leads to pulmonary overcirculation and failure.
Cyanotic vs acyanotic — key difference?
Cyanotic involves ↓ pulmonary flow; acyanotic involves ↑ or normal flow.
Coarctation — pulse pattern?
Weak femoral, bounding brachial pulses.
Aortic stenosis — murmur?
Small-volume ejection systolic murmur.
Pulmonary stenosis — murmur?
Ejection systolic at 2nd ICS left.
Patent ductus arteriosus — shunt?
Left-to-right, causing pulmonary plethora.
Obstructive acyanotic defect — example?
Aortic stenosis or pulmonary stenosis.
Coarctation — clinical sign?
Absent femoral pulses, systolic murmur.
Tetralogy of Fallot — main feature?
Right ventricular outflow obstruction with VSD.
Hypercyanotic attack — trigger?
Sudden increase in right-to-left shunting.
Transposition — key issue?
Requires mixing for survival via PDA/VSD/ASD.
Heart failure signs in infants?
Tachypnoea, poor feeding, hepatomegaly.
PEM — severe form?
Marasmus: wasting; Kwashiorkor: oedema.
PEM management — focus?
Nutritional rehabilitation and treat complications.
Breastfeeding — benefit?
Provides optimal nutrition and immunity.
Immunisation — contraindication?
Egg allergy for some vaccines; immunosuppression delays.
Cyanotic defect — clinical?
Cyanosis, often comfortable, no failure signs.
Acyanotic defect — clinical?
Failure signs, murmurs, possible cardiomegaly.
Testez vos connaissances avec un QCM de 22 questions sur Congenital Heart Defects and Neonatal Management.
1. Which feature best distinguishes a cyanotic congenital heart defect from an acyanotic one?
2. What pulmonary blood flow pattern is most typical of cyanotic congenital heart defects?
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