QCM : Diabetes Fundamentals and Management — 10 questions

Explication

Insulin therapy refers to the administration of insulin to diabetic patients to help regulate their blood glucose levels. It is a key treatment, especially in Type 1 diabetes and sometimes in advanced Type 2 diabetes. The other options describe different aspects of diabetes management but do not define insulin therapy.

Explication

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to little or no insulin production. The other options are related to different types or aspects of diabetes but do not cause the autoimmune insulin deficiency characteristic of Type 1.

Explication

The immune system attacking the pancreatic beta cells in Type 1 diabetes is called 'autoimmune destruction.' This process leads to the loss of insulin-producing cells, resulting in insulin deficiency. The other options refer to different processes: 'insulin resistance' is a decreased response to insulin, 'glycogenolysis' is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and 'ketogenesis' is the formation of ketone bodies, none of which describe the immune attack on beta cells.

Explication

Insulin resistance is when body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to decreased glucose uptake. Unlike complete insulin deficiency, it involves impaired response rather than absence of insulin.

Explication

Signs and symptoms serve as clinical indicators that assist healthcare providers in diagnosing and monitoring the progression or control of diabetes. They are essential for early detection of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and help guide treatment decisions. They do not determine exact blood glucose levels, which require laboratory or self-monitoring tests, nor do they replace laboratory tests or directly prevent complications.

Explication

Hyperglycemia is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels caused by insufficient insulin activity or secretion, which can occur in all types of diabetes.

Explication

Disruption occurs when the balance of glucose production and utilization is disturbed, primarily due to insulin insufficiency or resistance, leading to hyperglycemia.

Explication

Ketogenesis is when ketone bodies are produced from fat breakdown, often occurring in diabetes when insulin deficiency causes the body to use fat as an energy source, potentially leading to diabetic ketoacidosis.

Explication

Screening for Type 2 diabetes is recommended beginning at age 45 or earlier if risk factors are present, to facilitate early detection and management.

Explication

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, often resolves after birth, but women with it have a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.