Flashcards : Fundamentals of Infectious Disease and Antibiotics — 20 cartes

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1Question

Infectious Disease — definition?

Réponse

Illness caused by pathogens like viruses or bacteria.

2Question

Pathogen — role?

Réponse

Microorganism causing disease in hosts.

3Question

Transmission — mechanisms?

Réponse

Contact, ingestion, droplets, vectors.

4Question

Contagious disease — transmission?

Réponse

Spread directly or indirectly between people.

5Question

Empiric therapy — purpose?

Réponse

Start broad antibiotics before pathogen ID.

6Question

Antibiogram — use?

Réponse

Guides empiric antibiotic choices.

7Question

Resistance — cause?

Réponse

Bacteria grow despite antibiotics due to various mechanisms.

8Question

Beta-lactamases — function?

Réponse

Enzymes degrading beta-lactam antibiotics.

9Question

Bacterial pathogen — example?

Réponse

*Streptococcus pneumoniae* or *E. coli*.

10Question

Spectrum — broad vs narrow?

Réponse

Range of bacteria an antibiotic targets.

11Question

Pharmacokinetics — study of?

Réponse

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

12Question

Time-dependent killing — antibiotics?

Réponse

Beta-lactams require levels above MIC for a time.

13Question

MIC — meaning?

Réponse

Lowest antibiotic concentration inhibiting growth.

14Question

De-escalation — process?

Réponse

Narrow therapy after culture results.

15Question

Resistance mechanism — example?

Réponse

Efflux pumps removing antibiotics.

16Question

Multidrug-resistant bacteria — example?

Réponse

MRSA, ESBL producers.

17Question

Transmission — key prevention?

Réponse

Hygiene, sanitation, vector control.

18Question

Empiric therapy — initial choice?

Réponse

Based on infection site and local patterns.

19Question

Targeted therapy — after?

Réponse

Based on culture and susceptibility data.

20Question

Special antibiotic — consideration?

Réponse

Toxicity, monitoring, resistance risk.

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1. What is an infectious disease?

2. Which disease is primarily transmitted via airborne droplets?

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