AKI phases — definition?
Induction, extension, maintenance, recovery.
AKI grading — basis?
Blood creatinine levels.
Urine output sub-grading — distinguishes?
Non-oligoanuric from oligoanuric AKI.
Prerenal AKI — cause?
Hypoperfusion without parenchymal damage.
Intrinsic AKI — cause?
Parenchymal damage from ischemia or toxins.
Postrenal AKI — cause?
Urinary tract obstruction.
AKI biomarkers — delay?
Up to 72 hours after injury.
Clinical signs in severe AKI?
Gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurologic symptoms.
Laboratory findings in AKI?
Increased BUN, creatinine, phosphorus.
Fluid therapy goal in AKI?
Maintain hydration, support organs.
CKD staging — frequency?
Every 3-4 months.
CKD therapy — include?
Diet, dialysis, supportive care.
GN — key diagnostic tool?
Renal biopsy.
Nephrotic syndrome — signs?
Hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia.
Genetic renal disease in cats?
PKD, especially in Persians.
FLUTD management — main strategy?
Diet and stress reduction.
Urinary retention — causes?
Structural or functional issues.
Urinary incontinence — common cause?
Sphincter mechanism incompetence.
Urethral obstruction — emergency?
Yes, life-threatening if untreated.
Obstruction treatment — first step?
Relieve via catheterization or surgery.
Glomerulonephritis — treatment?
Anti-proteinuric drugs, immunosuppressants.
CKD management — long-term?
Diet, dialysis, monitoring.
Urolithiasis — diagnosis tools?
Imaging, urinalysis.
Uroliths — prevention?
Diet, hydration, regular monitoring.
Testez vos connaissances avec un QCM de 12 questions sur Understanding Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases.
1. What does sphincter mechanism incompetence (SMI) refer to in the context of urinary incontinence?
2. How do the induction and extension phases of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) differ in terms of pathophysiological changes?
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