Flashcards : Understanding Tobacco: History, Pharmacology, and Cessation — 20 cartes

Used for religious and spiritual rituals.

By Columbus in the late 15th century.

Promoted smoking as glamorous and healthy.

Smoking-related diseases and addiction.

Activates α4β2* receptors, releasing dopamine.

Stimulates release in the nucleus accumbens.

Enhances pleasure, concentration, reduces anxiety.

Within 3 days, lasting up to 1 month.

Can persist for years after quitting.

Inhibits monoamine oxidase, elevating neurotransmitters.

Arsenic, benzene, cadmium, cyanide, formaldehyde, tar, CO, nitrogen oxides.

Acts as a cooling agent, may produce toxic compounds when burned.

Enhances nicotine absorption, increasing addiction.

Rapid absorption; half-life α=1.35h, β=17h; metabolized by CYP2A6.

Provides controlled nicotine to reduce withdrawal.

When patient is ready to quit.

Patches, gums, inhalers, pastilles, vaporizers.

Varenicline and bupropion modulate addiction pathways.

Enhances cessation success through counseling and motivation.

Dependence level, health, preferences, comorbidities.