Cytoskeleton functions — support?
Provides cell shape and internal organization.
Protein filament types — number?
Three: intermediate filaments, microtubules, actin filaments.
Intermediate filaments — structure?
Rope-like, strong, composed of twisted protein strands.
Nuclear lamina — made of?
Lamins, supporting nuclear envelope.
Mutations in lamins — cause?
Progeria, a premature aging disorder.
Cytoskeleton-nucleus links — proteins?
Plectin, SUN, and KASH proteins.
Microtubules — structure?
Hollow tubes of tubulin with plus/minus ends.
Microtubules — organizing center?
Centrosome with γ-tubulin rings.
Microtubules — dynamics?
GTP hydrolysis drives growth and shrinkage.
Microtubules — in cell?
Organize interior, guide transport, form spindles.
Actin filaments — properties?
Thin, flexible, polymerize via ATP.
Actin — role in movement?
Form protrusions, interact with myosin for motility.
Actin protrusions — types?
Lamellipodia and filopodia.
Actin treadmilling — process?
Addition at plus end, disassembly at minus end.
Intermediate filaments — assembly?
Monomers form dimers, tetramers, then filaments.
Nuclear lamina — function?
Supports nuclear envelope, attaches chromosomes.
Linker proteins — examples?
Plectin, SUN, KASH.
Microtubule ends — stability?
Plus ends grow, minus ends often anchored.
Drugs affecting microtubules — examples?
Taxol (stabilizes), colchicine, vinblastine (prevent polymerization).
Actin in cell interior — function?
Cell shape, protrusions, migration.
Microtubules — composition?
Tubulin α/β dimers.
Actin — polymerization?
Driven by extracellular signals at the plus end.
Teste tes connaissances avec un QCM de 11 questions sur Cell Cytoskeleton Fundamentals.
1. What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton within a cell?
2. How do the structural properties of intermediate filaments compare to those of microtubules?
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