They vary in size, shape, content, and function
Explication
Cells are the units of life, but they vary in size, shape, content, and function. Their diversity allows them to perform specialized roles.
Different cells use different genetic instructions
Explication
Cells are controlled by genes, and different cells use different genetic instructions. This selective use of genetic information contributes to cellular specialization.
Cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm
Explication
The three main cell components are the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes are structures within the cell rather than the three broad components.
It allows and regulates the movement of certain substances
Explication
A selectively permeable membrane regulates movement into and out of the cell while allowing some substances to pass. A completely impermeable boundary would block all movement.
Transporting molecules and participating in protein synthesis
Explication
The endoplasmic reticulum transports molecules, participates in protein synthesis, helps identify bad proteins, and communicates with other organelles, especially the cell membrane.
On rough ER and in cytoplasm, where they synthesize proteins
Explication
Ribosomes occur on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm, where they carry out protein synthesis. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins after synthesis.
The Golgi apparatus
Explication
The Golgi apparatus further processes and refines proteins, packages them, and forms vesicles that can fuse with the cell membrane. Ribosomes synthesize proteins rather than package them.
Capturing and releasing energy through cellular respiration
Explication
Mitochondria capture and release energy for the cell through cellular respiration. The number of mitochondria can vary among different cell types.
Simple diffusion
Explication
Passive movement includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. Active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis are forms of active movement.
Endocytosis
Explication
Endocytosis is an active movement process that brings material into the cell. Exocytosis moves material out of the cell.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Explication
The cell cycle proceeds through interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase in that order.
Interphase
Explication
During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA in preparation for division. Chromosome separation occurs during later mitotic stages.
Chromatids align in the middle while spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
Explication
During metaphase, chromatids line up at the cell’s middle and spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.
Differentiation creates specialized cell types, whereas apoptosis is cell death
Explication
Cell differentiation produces cells with different types and specific functions, while apoptosis refers to cell death.
Mémorisez les réponses avec 28 flashcards sur Cell Structure and Function.
What are cells in biology?
Cells are the units of life.
How do cells differ from each other?
Cells vary in size, shape, content, and function.
What controls the activities of cells?
Genes control the activities of cells.
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