QCM : Climate Action Strategies and Policies — 18 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What is the collective energy-demand argument used by fossil fuel companies?

A claim that renewable energy causes more warming than coal
A claim that scientific evidence cannot measure emissions
A claim that governments, not firms, are the only climate actors
A claim that climate change comes from society’s energy demand rather than suppliers’ emissions

A claim that climate change comes from society’s energy demand rather than suppliers’ emissions

Explication

The source defines this as a responsibility-shifting claim that places blame on society’s energy demand instead of the suppliers’ emissions. It is one of the main strategies used to avoid accountability.

2. How do ESG components influence corporate outcomes in the mechanism described?

They affect only social reputation and not financial results
They replace the need for any governance controls
They reduce performance by increasing compliance costs first
They improve tax benefits, which then mediate better corporate performance

They improve tax benefits, which then mediate better corporate performance

Explication

The material states that ESG components positively affect tax benefits, and tax benefits mediate the link to both financial and non-financial performance. This mediation is the key mechanism in the explanation.

3. What is a key watchdog role of NGOs in climate governance?

Monitoring government policy implementation and business practices
Replacing governments in setting national climate laws
Issuing carbon permits to industrial firms
Negotiating international treaties on behalf of states

Monitoring government policy implementation and business practices

Explication

NGOs often act as watchdogs by observing how governments and businesses carry out climate-related actions and by informing the public. They do not have the executive authority of governments.

4. What is the defining feature of cap-and-trade?

It requires all firms to use only renewable electricity
It allocates or sells tradable permits for a limited amount of emissions
It pays households for reducing energy use during storms
It sets a fixed carbon tax for every ton of emissions

It allocates or sells tradable permits for a limited amount of emissions

Explication

Cap-and-trade limits emissions by creating a fixed number of permits that represent emission rights. Firms must obtain permits to emit, which creates a market for reductions.

5. What is the main purpose of transparency and accountability practices for NGOs working in Vietnam?

To hide sensitive donor information from the public
To replace government climate policy with private action
To focus only on fundraising rather than results
To involve stakeholders, report performance, and build trust

To involve stakeholders, report performance, and build trust

Explication

The source says NGOs should involve stakeholders, monitor and evaluate regularly, and provide financial transparency and reporting. These practices support trust, credibility, and accountability.

6. Which statement best describes equitable resilience?

It ensures marginalized communities benefit from resilience actions
It relies only on technological solutions for wealthy regions
It focuses on maximizing corporate profits during climate disasters
It replaces adaptation with long-term emissions reduction

It ensures marginalized communities benefit from resilience actions

Explication

Equitable resilience is about making sure marginalized communities share in the benefits of resilience efforts. This distinguishes it from approaches that ignore fairness and access.

7. Which strategy is used to reduce a company’s direct emissions in its climate plan?

Signing a long-term power purchase agreement with a generator
Switching factory fuels to LNG or hydrogen and using electrified equipment
Setting a virtual carbon price for internal investment decisions
Buying renewable energy certificates for every department

Switching factory fuels to LNG or hydrogen and using electrified equipment

Explication

The material states that direct emissions can be cut by switching factory fuels to LNG or hydrogen and using electrified equipment. The other options are related climate tools, but they mainly address indirect emissions or internal management.

8. What is the Green Climate Fund intended to do?

Provide climate finance to support developing countries
Set national carbon taxes for member states
Replace the UNFCCC negotiation process
Coordinate weather forecasting across all UN agencies

Provide climate finance to support developing countries

Explication

The Green Climate Fund supports mitigation and adaptation in developing countries through climate finance within the UNFCCC framework. It is a funding mechanism, not a rule-setting body.

9. What is the main purpose of a vulnerability assessment in climate planning?

To calculate the market value of renewable energy certificates
To measure how much carbon a country exports each year
To determine which companies should receive tax deductions
To identify the areas and populations facing the highest climate risk

To identify the areas and populations facing the highest climate risk

Explication

A vulnerability assessment is used to find which places and groups face the greatest risk from climate impacts. It helps target adaptation and resilience efforts where they are most needed.

10. Which policy tool makes emitting greenhouse gases more costly in order to encourage reductions?

Government executive authority
Carbon pricing instruments
Renewable energy incentives
Climate adaptation policies

Carbon pricing instruments

Explication

Carbon pricing instruments are designed to raise the cost of emissions so firms and individuals reduce them. Renewable energy incentives support clean energy, but they do not directly price emissions.

11. What is the main function of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?

To fund renewable energy projects in developing countries
To negotiate binding climate treaties among countries
To assess climate-change scientific information for governments
To enforce national emissions targets through inspections

To assess climate-change scientific information for governments

Explication

The IPCC is a UN body that evaluates climate science and provides assessments for governments. It does not negotiate treaties or enforce policies.

12. Which practice best supports NGO accountability?

Providing financial transparency and regular reporting
Focusing only on international campaigns and ignoring stakeholders
Keeping financial decisions private to avoid outside criticism
Avoiding all collaboration with other organizations

Providing financial transparency and regular reporting

Explication

Transparency, reporting, and stakeholder involvement are key ways NGOs demonstrate accountability and build trust. Hidden finances or poor communication can erode public confidence.

13. Which action is the best example of climate mitigation?

Relocating farms to higher ground after flooding begins
Reducing greenhouse-gas emissions by switching to wind power
Training communities to respond to typhoon emergencies
Building seawalls to protect coastlines from rising seas

Reducing greenhouse-gas emissions by switching to wind power

Explication

Climate mitigation focuses on cutting emissions at the source to limit future climate change. Switching to wind power reduces greenhouse-gas emissions, whereas seawalls and emergency training are adaptation measures.

14. Which outcome is reported for firms when ESG management is handled well?

Tax benefits decline, but market share rises
Climate targets are automatically met without further action
Only non-financial performance improves, while financial results stay unchanged
Both financial and non-financial corporate performance improve

Both financial and non-financial corporate performance improve

Explication

The source says ESG has positive effects on both financial and non-financial corporate performance. It does not claim automatic target achievement or unchanged financial results.

15. What does RE100 describe in corporate climate strategy?

A rule that limits annual corporate emissions through permits
A disclosure standard for reporting climate-related financial risks
A program to replace operations with 100% renewable electricity
A certificate showing ownership of one ton of avoided carbon

A program to replace operations with 100% renewable electricity

Explication

RE100 is defined as a renewable energy transition strategy that replaces manufacturing and operations power with 100% renewable electricity. The other choices describe carbon markets or disclosure tools instead.

16. What best describes greenwashing in the context of fossil fuel accountability?

Replacing fossil fuel production with renewable generation
Exaggerating or misreporting environmental progress to appear better
Stopping all advertising of climate-related products
Publishing accurate emissions data earlier than required

Exaggerating or misreporting environmental progress to appear better

Explication

Greenwashing is described as exaggeration or misreporting of climate progress, often under consumer and target pressure. The other options do not capture the deceptive claim of better performance than actually achieved.

17. In Vietnam’s Mekong Delta, which combination of actors is described as central to grassroots climate adaptation efforts?

National ministries, foreign donors, and utility firms
Tourism businesses, port authorities, and banks
Urban planners, mining companies, and media outlets
Rice farmers, local NGOs, and youth groups

Rice farmers, local NGOs, and youth groups

Explication

The material says climate adaptation in the Mekong Delta depends on frontline involvement from rice paddies, with NGOs and youth as key actors. The other options name groups not identified as central to this grassroots effort.

18. Why can some climate warming continue even if emissions stopped immediately?

Because adaptation policies increase atmospheric pollution
Because long-lived greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere
Because oceans would instantly release all stored heat
Because solar and wind power create additional warming

Because long-lived greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere

Explication

The source explains that long-lived greenhouse gases keep warming the planet even if emissions stop right away. This means some climate change is already unavoidable.

Révisez avec les flashcards

Mémorisez les réponses avec 18 flashcards sur Climate Action Strategies and Policies.

Climate mitigation — definition?

Reducing GHG emissions to limit climate change.

Climate adaptation — role?

Adjusting systems to reduce climate vulnerability.

Climate resilience — function?

Ability to cope with and recover from climate impacts.

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