External respiration — definition?
Gas exchange between atmosphere and blood.
Homeostatic regulation of pH — role?
Maintains blood pH via CO2 regulation.
Respiratory epithelium — function?
Protects and conditions inspired air.
Vocal cords — role?
Enable vocalization.
Water and heat loss — facilitation?
Via respiratory system as homeostatic compensation.
Conducting system — responsibility?
Warms, humidifies, filters inspired air.
Respiratory apparatus — main components?
Trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli.
Airway resistance — influenced by?
Airway radius and physical factors.
Neural control — effect on bronchial smooth muscle?
Regulates constriction and dilation.
Spirometry — measures?
Lung volumes and capacities.
Lung volume — varies?
Between species based on size and adaptation.
Pulmonary circulation — function?
Gas exchange via alveolar capillaries.
Bronchial circulation — role?
Supplies nutrients to airways and large vessels.
Bird lung ventilation — pattern?
Unidirectional with air sacs and parabronchi.
Gill ventilation — mechanism?
Flow-through water movement over lamellae.
Gas exchange — in fish gills?
Countercurrent flow maximizes oxygen uptake.
Hemoglobin — oxygen affinity affected by?
pH, temperature, CO2, 2,3-BPG.
CO2 transport — primary form?
Bicarbonate ions in plasma.
Neural control centers — examples?
PRG, DRG, VRG in brainstem.
Nonrespiratory lung functions?
Defense, metabolism, fluid exchange.
Airway resistance — formula?
R = △P/△V, influenced by airway radius.
Alveolar structure — key feature?
Thin epithelium for gas diffusion.
Oxygen transport — hemoglobin saturation curve?
Shows hemoglobin's oxygen affinity at various pressures.
Carbon dioxide — in blood?
Transported as bicarbonate, bound to hemoglobin, or dissolved.
Testez vos connaissances avec un QCM de 12 questions sur Fundamentals of Mammalian and Avian Respiratory Physiology.
1. Which of the following is a key function of the respiratory system?
2. What is the primary function of the conducting system in the mammalian respiratory apparatus?
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