Development — definition by Lugard?
Civilizing and improving societies through culture and technology.
Development — IUCN focus?
Environmental sustainability and human well-being.
Development — Dasgupta's view?
Enhancement of health, longevity, and quality of life.
Development — Chambers' perspective?
Good change or positive societal transformation.
Development — Thomas' focus?
Operational practice by development agencies.
Development — Kanbur's view?
Subjective, influenced by values and culture.
Modernization Theory — assumption?
All countries follow a Western, linear development path.
Modernization — key proponent?
Rostow and Parsons.
Modernization — critique?
Ethnocentric, ignores cultural diversity.
Subjective Development — emphasis?
Local perceptions, dignity, social relations.
Sen’s approach?
Capabilities and freedoms enhance development.
Development as Freedom — core idea?
Expanding individual choices and opportunities.
Post-Development critique — main argument?
Development imposes Western norms, perpetuates hierarchy.
Development measurement — challenge?
Data scarcity, political biases, complex indicators.
Indicators — example?
HDI, MPI, ecological footprint.
Progress in development — key point?
Multidimensional, includes social, economic, and subjective aspects.
Development — ultimate goal?
Sustainable, equitable well-being for all.
Development — critical insight?
No single definition; requires multidimensional understanding.
Teste tes connaissances avec un QCM de 9 questions sur Holistic Approaches to Human Development.
1. Which of the following best describes Lugard's definition of development?
2. In which period did Modernization Theory emerge as a dominant explanation of development?
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