Restriction Enzymes — types?
Type I, II, and III, differ in recognition and cleavage.
Nomenclature system — basis?
Organism name + discovery order (Roman numerals).
Type II enzymes — recognition?
Recognize palindromic sequences and cut within or at recognition site.
Restriction enzyme cleavage — types?
Sticky ends (overhangs) or blunt ends.
Applications of restriction enzymes?
Gene cloning, DNA mapping, fingerprinting, SNP analysis.
Modification enzymes — examples?
Methylases, phosphatases, ligases, kinases.
Phosphatases — function?
Remove phosphate groups from molecules.
Methylases — role?
Add methyl groups to DNA or proteins, affecting regulation.
Ligases — mechanism?
Join DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds.
Polynucleotide kinase — activity?
Phosphorylates 5’ ends of DNA or RNA.
RNase types — examples?
RNase A (single-stranded RNA), RNase H (RNA-DNA hybrids).
Restriction enzymes — classification?
Type I (distant cut), II (within recognition), III (near recognition).
Restriction enzyme recognition sites?
Specific, often palindromic DNA sequences.
Sticky vs blunt ends?
Sticky have overhangs; blunt are straight cuts.
Restriction enzyme applications?
Cloning, DNA fingerprinting, SNP detection.
Modification enzymes — purpose?
Protect DNA from restriction, modify nucleic acids.
Phosphatases — role in cloning?
Remove 5’ phosphate to prevent self-ligation.
Methylation — effect?
Regulates gene expression, protects bacterial DNA.
Ligase — cofactors?
ATP or NAD+ depending on type.
Polynucleotide kinase — use?
Label DNA ends or prepare for ligation.
RNase — function?
Degrade RNA, involved in RNA processing and defense.
Restriction enzyme classification — basis?
Recognition sequence, cleavage pattern, cofactors.
Teste tes connaissances avec un QCM de 11 questions sur Molecular Tools: Restriction Enzymes and Modifications.
1. What is a restriction enzyme?
2. What is the basis for the naming convention of restriction endonucleases like EcoRI or HindIII?
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