Mandela's birth in South Africa
Born July 18, in a rural village.
First in family to attend school
Mandela was the first to receive formal education.
Expected to become tribal chief
He was expected to follow his father's leadership role.
Mandela chose law over tribal leadership
He pursued law instead of traditional tribal leadership.
Mandela became a lawyer for blacks
He established the first black law practice in South Africa.
Mandela joined ANC
He became involved in anti-apartheid political activism.
ANC Youth League role
Led by Mandela, promoted radical resistance among youth.
Non-violent protests used
Boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience campaigns.
1948 election significance
National Party victory led to apartheid laws.
Apartheid system defined
A policy of racial segregation and discrimination.
Population Registration Act
Classified South Africans by race, foundation of apartheid.
Defiance Campaign (1952)
Mass civil disobedience movement against apartheid laws.
Congress of the People (1955)
Peaceful gathering to promote unity and the Freedom Charter.
Mandela's shift to armed resistance
Post-1959, advocated militant action against apartheid.
Creation of PAC
Militant group advocating direct action, founded in 1959.
Mandela charged with sabotage
During Rivonia Trial, sentenced to life imprisonment.
Mandela's imprisonment on Robben Island
Arrested 1962, became global symbol of resistance.
Mandela's release date
February 11, 1990.
Mandela's first Black presidency
Sworn in 1994, symbolizing end of apartheid.
End of apartheid laws
Repeal of key laws like the Population Registration Act.
First democratic elections
Held in 1994, Mandela elected president.
Mandela's reconciliation efforts
Used symbols like rugby to unite South Africans.
Post-presidency activities
Founded 'The Elders' group for global issues.
The Elders' mission
Address global conflicts, promote peace and justice.
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