Fiche de révision : Harlem Renaissance and Change

📋 Plan du Cours

1. Géographie et histoire de Harlem
2. La Renaissance de Harlem
3. Le poème I, Too
4. Fresques et vie culturelle
5. Gentrification et identité locale
6. Parcours de réussite à Harlem
7. Duke Ellington et le jazz
8. Vocabulaire du cours

📖 1. Géographie et histoire de Harlem

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Great Migration : The movement of many African Americans from the South to northern cities in the early 20th century.

★ À maîtriser

• Harlem is a neighbourhood in northern Manhattan, New York City.

• Many African Americans moved north to seek better opportunities and escape racism and segregation.

Compléments

• The Apollo Theatre is a famous place in Harlem.

• Harlem was originally founded as a Dutch settlement around 1658.

📖 2. La Renaissance de Harlem

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Harlem Renaissance : A cultural and intellectual explosion in Harlem.

★ À maîtriser

• The Harlem Renaissance took place mainly in the 1910s and 1920s.

• The Harlem Renaissance involved :

  • music
  • literature
  • art

Compléments

• Writers, poets, singers, painters and musicians contributed to the Harlem Renaissance.

• Langston Hughes was an American poet, writer and activist who became famous for poems about African American life.

• People connected with the Harlem Renaissance included :

  • Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong, jazz musicians
  • Langston Hughes, writer and poet
  • Archibald Motley, painter
  • W. E. B. Du Bois, philosopher

📖 3. Le poème I, Too

★ À maîtriser

• In Langston Hughes’s poem “I, Too,” the speaker is sent to eat in the kitchen when company arrives.

• In “I, Too,” the speaker expects that tomorrow he will sit at the table with the others and will no longer be ordered to eat in the kitchen. - Langston Hughes

• The speaker says “I, too, am America” to assert that he belongs to America despite racism and negative stereotypes. - Langston Hughes

Compléments

• The poem’s speaker anticipates that others will see his beauty and feel ashamed of their treatment of him. - Langston Hughes, I, Too

💡 Astuce mémo

La cuisine imposée s’oppose à la table promise

📖 4. Fresques et vie culturelle

★ À maîtriser

• A Nightlife reflects the importance of jazz in the 1930s and presents African Americans as sophisticated rather than as “uneducated farmers.” - Archibald Motley, Jr., 1943

• The Harlem Renaissance artists fought racism, discrimination and educational disadvantage.

Compléments

• Harlem’s colourful murals create an impression of joy and a good atmosphere in the neighbourhood.

• Archibald Motley Jr.’s painting A Nightlife depicts a jazz club or cabaret where people dance, walk and chat. - Archibald Motley, Jr., 1943

• The bright colours and movement in A Nightlife convey joy and happiness. - Archibald Motley, Jr., 1943

• Harlem contributed to the Civil Rights Movement while facing poverty, crime and racial discrimination.

📖 5. Gentrification et identité locale

★ À maîtriser

📌 The 1989 building is described as brown, old-fashioned and traditional, with metal staircases, whereas the 2017 building is modern, colourful and full of adverts.

• The old building was seen as a symbol of tradition and history and as part of Harlem’s identity.

• The writer thinks Harlem is changing too fast, rejects the claim that it is a bad area and feels pessimistic that it may no longer be a place where everyone can enjoy themselves.

Compléments

• The changes and their stated evaluations are :

  • loss of a historical building: negative
  • a new uninteresting building: negative
  • more fresh products: positive
  • better meat: positive
  • higher prices: negative

• One writer has lived in Harlem for 40 years and loves its lively, colourful neighbourhood.

• The writer identifies these features of Harlem :

  • immigrants from Africa
  • immigrants from South America
  • art
  • parties

💡 Astuce mémo

Modernisation du bâtiment contre tradition et identité

📖 6. Parcours de réussite à Harlem

★ À maîtriser

• Kibonén wants to promote Cameroonian culture and create opportunities for artisans in Cameroon.

• Marcus Samuelsson was born in Ethiopia and owns the Red Rooster restaurant in New York.

Compléments

• Kibonén describes her fashion business as a dream that has grown bigger, better and finer, and says she loves what it represents to humanity, the African diaspora, African girls and dreamers.

• Kibonén lives and works in New York, is inspired by the Toghu and studied at the Art Institute of New York City.

• The Red Rooster menu reflects Harlem’s history and culture through the names of its dishes.

• Barack Obama ate at Marcus Samuelsson’s restaurant, and Samuelsson also participated in the television show Top Chef and previously worked at Aquavit.

📖 7. Duke Ellington et le jazz

★ À maîtriser

• Duke Ellington was an American jazz musician, composer and band leader who moved to New York in the 1920s and remained closely connected to Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance.

Compléments

• Harlem’s rich culture influenced Duke Ellington’s music and helped him collaborate with other artists.

• Duke Ellington became one of the most influential figures in jazz history.

📖 8. Vocabulaire du cours

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• neighbourhood : Neighbourhood signifie quartier.
• community : Community signifie communauté.
• heritage : Heritage signifie patrimoine.
• opportunity : Opportunity signifie opportunité.
• to move : To move signifie déménager.
• to inspire : To inspire signifie inspirer.
• creative : Creative signifie créatif ou créative.
• diverse : Diverse signifie diversifié.
• borough : Borough signifie arrondissement.
• landmark : Landmark signifie point de repère.
• mural : Mural signifie fresque murale.
• bright colour : Bright colour signifie couleur vive.
• dark colour : Dark colour signifie couleur sombre.
• unknown : Unknown signifie inconnu, tandis que famous signifie connu ou célèbre.
• tiny : Tiny signifie minuscule, tandis que huge signifie énorme.
• to pay tribute to : To pay tribute to signifie rendre hommage à.
• to boom : To boom signifie s’épanouir ou prospérer.
• equality : Equality signifie égalité, tandis que inequality signifie inégalité.
• issue : Issue signifie problème ou problématique.
• poetry : Poetry signifie poésie.
• well-known : Well-known signifie fameux ou célèbre.
• to argue : To argue signifie débattre.
• to defend a cause : To defend a cause signifie défendre une cause.
• to have an impact on : To have an impact on signifie avoir un impact sur.
• defiance : Defiance signifie résistance ou défi.
• hope : Hope signifie espoir.
• expectations : Expectations signifie attentes.
• bustling night club : Bustling night club signifie club de nuit animé.
• servant : Servant signifie domestique, tandis que waiter signifie serveur.
• stand : Stand signifie strophe.
• proud : Proud signifie fier, tandis que ashamed signifie honteux.
• defiant : Defiant signifie provocateur ou défiant envers les règles.
• submissive : Submissive signifie soumis.
• strong : Strong signifie fort, tandis que weak signifie faible.
• to expect : To expect signifie attendre quelque chose.
• to dare : To dare signifie oser.
• organic food : Organic food signifie alimentation biologique.
• prejudice : Prejudice signifie préjugé ou biais.
• to evolve : To evolve signifie évoluer ou changer.
• to replace : To replace signifie remplacer.