Fiche de révision : The Victorian Era and Public Health

📋 Plan du Cours

1. Le Public Health Act de 1875
2. Maladies et conditions de vie
3. Mortalité et causes des décès
4. Progrès et puissance victorienne
5. Valeurs, religion et doute

📅 Repères chronologiques

1. 183231,000 people died.
2. 1859Darwin published On The Origin of Species, a book that challenged religion.
3. 1870London became the financial and commercial capital of the world.

📖 1. Le Public Health Act de 1875

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Public Health Act : An Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and a significant step in the advancement of public health in England.

📖 2. Maladies et conditions de vie

★ À maîtriser

• Accumulated dirt filled the streets, while human waste piled up in courtyards and ran through the streets because many people refused to pay night-soil men to empty cesspools.

• The common filth diseases were:

  • cholera
  • typhoid
  • typhus
  • tuberculosis

• Many people had no access to toilets or water at home, so they used public toilets and a polluted water pump.

Compléments

• Living conditions were terrible because many people lived in the same house, the houses were not clean and there was a lack of food.

💡 Astuce mémo

Polluted streets and water → diseases and epidemics

📖 3. Mortalité et causes des décès

📝 Points essentiels

• The main causes of death were diseases and epidemics, followed by starvation and cold.

• Child mortality was high during this period.

💡 Astuce mémo

Diseases and epidemics → starvation → cold

📖 4. Progrès et puissance victorienne

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Penny Dreadfuls : Cheap, popular serial stories published in weekly parts during the nineteenth century in the United Kingdom, with each part costing one penny.

★ À maîtriser

• Queen Victoria developed:

  • factories
  • cities
  • the British Empire
  • hospitals
  • railways

• Queen Victoria became queen at the age of 18 and the British Empire became the first global industrial and military power during her reign.

Compléments

• Queen Victoria became Empress of India.

• The British Empire went to war against Russia and China and fought wars in South Africa.

📖 5. Valeurs, religion et doute

★ À maîtriser

• William Booth helped 11 million poor people and founded the Salvation Army, which served at least 27 million hot meals.

• Christianity was important, and bosses obliged their workers to go to church.

• Half of the population went to church every week.

Compléments

• People associated doubt with dodgy stuff on the wrong side of town and with new scientific ideas that challenged religion.

💡 Astuce mémo

Christianity and good behavior versus Darwin’s challenge to religion