QCM : Cardiac and Genetic Fundamentals — 8 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What is the primary role of the right atrium in the heart?

It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
It receives deoxygenated blood from the body
It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
It pumps oxygenated blood to the body

It receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Explication

The right atrium's primary role is to receive deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae, acting as the entry chamber for blood returning to the heart from systemic circulation.

2. Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Explication

The Left Atrium is responsible for receiving oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins, which is critical for systemic circulation.

3. In which year did Mendel publish his foundational work on inheritance patterns?

1866
1900
1859
1875

1866

Explication

Mendel published his work on inheritance patterns in 1866, which is a well-documented historical fact. The other dates are either before or after his publication and are plausible distractors but incorrect.

4. What is the significance of the left ventricle's thicker muscular wall compared to the right ventricle?

It pumps blood to the lungs at higher pressure.
It circulates blood to the entire body requiring higher pressure.
It assists in receiving blood from the right atrium.
It stores oxygenated blood temporarily.

It circulates blood to the entire body requiring higher pressure.

Explication

The left ventricle has a thicker wall because it must generate higher pressure to pump blood through the systemic circulation to the entire body.

5. Which year did Mendel publish his foundational work on inheritance?

1865
1900
1822
1789

1865

Explication

Gregor Mendel published his work on inheritance patterns in 1865, laying the foundation for genetics.

6. In genetics, what does a heterozygous genotype signify?

Two identical alleles for a gene
Two different alleles for a gene
An organism with only recessive alleles
An organism with only dominant alleles

Two different alleles for a gene

Explication

Heterozygous means having two different alleles for a gene, one dominant and one recessive, which influences trait expression.

7. What role do valves play in the heart's function?

Prevent backflow of blood between chambers
Generate electrical impulses
Contract the heart muscles
Regulate blood pressure directly

Prevent backflow of blood between chambers

Explication

Valves prevent backflow of blood between chambers and ensure unidirectional flow, maintaining efficient circulation.

8. Which genetic inheritance pattern is observed when a recessive trait appears only in homozygous individuals?

Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Recessive inheritance
Multiple alleles

Recessive inheritance

Explication

Recessive inheritance requires both alleles to be recessive (homozygous) for the trait to be expressed.

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Heart chambers — roles?

Atria receive, ventricles pump blood.

Right Atrium — role?

Receives deoxygenated blood from body.

Alleles — dominant vs recessive?

Dominant masks recessive; expressed in heterozygotes.

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