Atria
Explication
The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood are called atria. The ventricles are the lower chambers responsible for pumping blood out of the heart. Valves prevent backflow of blood within the heart, and myocardium refers to the heart muscle itself. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Atria'.
It pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta to supply the body.
Explication
The left ventricle's main role is to pump oxygen-rich blood into the aorta, distributing it throughout the body, highlighting its importance in systemic circulation.
Atherosclerosis involving lipid plaque buildup
Explication
The content clearly states that coronary artery disease (CAD) results from atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the arterial walls. This process causes narrowing and potential blockage of coronary arteries, leading to ischemia and other cardiac issues. The other options are related heart conditions but are not the primary cause of CAD according to the provided information.
Coronary artery disease
Explication
Coronary artery disease involves the narrowing or blockage of arteries supplying the heart muscle, often due to atherosclerosis, leading to reduced blood flow.
It causes narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, reducing blood supply.
Explication
The primary role of Coronary Artery Disease is to cause narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, which reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. This impaired blood supply can lead to ischemia, angina, and myocardial infarction, ultimately compromising the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. Therefore, option 2 accurately describes the disease's impact on heart function.
Systolic involves reduced ejection fraction, diastolic involves preserved ejection fraction.
Explication
Systolic heart failure is characterized by reduced ejection fraction due to weakened contractility, whereas diastolic heart failure involves impaired relaxation with preserved ejection fraction.
Left atrium
Explication
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins, which is then pumped into the left ventricle.
They prevent backflow and ensure unidirectional blood flow.
Explication
Heart valves are crucial as they prevent backflow and ensure blood flows in one direction, maintaining efficient circulation.
Echocardiogram
Explication
An echocardiogram uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, making it a vital tool for assessing blood flow and cardiac structure.
100,000 times
Explication
The heart beats roughly 100,000 times each day at rest, demonstrating its continuous and vital function in circulation.
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Heart chambers — number?
Four: two atria, two ventricles.
Heart — what does it do?
Pumps blood through rhythmic contractions.
Major heart disease — example?
Coronary artery disease.
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