Diphyllobothriasis — epidemiology?
Distributed worldwide, linked to raw freshwater fish.
Diphyllobothrium latum — morphology?
Longest human tapeworm, 3-10 meters, 3000+ proglottids.
Life cycle — key stages?
Eggs hatch, ingested by copepods, fish, then humans.
Clinical signs — mild infection?
Abdominal discomfort, weight loss, malnutrition.
Diagnosis — methods?
Stool ova exam, blood count, B12 levels.
Taenia solium vs T. saginata — difference?
T. solium has hooks; T. saginata does not.
Human infection — source?
Eating undercooked pork or beef containing cysticerci.
Taeniasis — clinical features?
Asymptomatic or abdominal discomfort, proglottid passage.
Cysticercosis — main complication?
Larval cysts in brain, muscle, subcutaneous tissues.
Hymenolepis nana — transmission?
Fecal-oral ingestion of eggs.
H. nana — clinical symptoms?
Often asymptomatic; can cause GI and pruritus.
H. nana — diagnosis?
Egg detection in stool, eosinophilia.
Echinococcus granulosus — life cycle?
Dogs as definitive hosts, sheep/cattle as intermediates.
Cyst development — pathology?
Hydatid cysts grow slowly, contain protoscolices.
Organ involvement — common sites?
Liver (98%), lungs, less often spleen, kidneys.
Alveolar echinococcosis — primary site?
Liver, with invasive, tumor-like growth.
Diagnosis — imaging?
Ultrasound, CT, serology for antibodies.
Hydatid cyst rupture — complication?
Anaphylaxis, secondary infection.
Hydatid treatment — options?
Surgery (cystectomy), PAIR, chemotherapy.
Prevention — key measures?
Hygiene, cooking/freezing fish, controlling hosts.
Echinococcus multilocularis — hosts?
Foxes, dogs; rodents as intermediate hosts.
Cystic vs alveolar — symptoms?
Cystic: organ mass effects; alveolar: tumor-like, infiltrative.
Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis?
Imaging, serology, cyst visualization.
Treatment in inoperable cases?
Albendazole or mebendazole therapy.
Testez vos connaissances avec un QCM de 12 questions sur Cestode Infections: Pathology and Prevention.
1. What is the role of plerocercoid larvae in the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum?
2. Which diagnostic methods are used to confirm diphyllobothriasis infection?
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