Respiration processes — main steps?
Ventilation, gas exchange, transport, cellular respiration
Nasal cavity — function?
Conditioning, filtering, humidifying inhaled air
Pharynx regions — names?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory tract — components?
Trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Larynx — key cartilage?
Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
Trachea cartilage — shape?
C-shaped rings for support and flexibility
Lung lobes — right?
Three lobes; left? Two lobes
Alveoli — primary function?
Gas exchange between air and blood
Pleural membranes — layers?
Parietal and visceral pleurae
Ventilation — driven by?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Pressure changes — effect?
Create airflow from high to low pressure
Gas diffusion — occurs where?
Across the respiratory membrane
Partial pressure — role?
Determines gas movement direction and rate
Alveolar surface area?
Approximately 70 square meters
Cilia in trachea — function?
Trap and move debris out of airways
Larynx — functions?
Air passage and voice production
Bronchi — structure?
Main airways with cartilage support
Lungs — main organ of?
Respiration and gas exchange
Alveoli — number?
About 300 million in lungs
Gas exchange — driven by?
Partial pressure gradients and membrane thinness
Serous fluid in pleura?
Lubricates lung movement during breathing
Inspiration — muscles involved?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
Expiration — passive or active?
Usually passive, driven by recoil and relaxation
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2. What type of cartilage primarily composes the external nose?
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