Immune system functions
Defends against pathogens, maintains tolerance.
Antigen — role?
Triggers immune response.
Antibodies — produced by?
B cells.
Macrophages — function?
Engulf pathogens, present antigens.
Cytotoxic T cells — target?
Infected or cancerous cells.
Helper T cells — role?
Coordinate immune responses.
Dendritic cells — function?
Present antigens to T cells.
Complement system — action?
Enhances immune response.
Mast cells — release?
Histamine and mediators.
Tolerance — meaning?
Self vs non-self recognition.
Hypersensitivity reactions — types?
I, II, III, IV.
Type I hypersensitivity — mediated by?
IgE and mast cells.
Type II hypersensitivity — involves?
IgG antibodies targeting cells.
Type III hypersensitivity — caused by?
Immune complex deposition.
Type IV hypersensitivity — mechanism?
T cell-mediated delayed response.
Autoimmune disorders — result from?
Loss of self-tolerance.
Examples of autoimmune diseases?
SLE, RA, MS, myasthenia gravis.
Immunodeficiency — causes?
Primary: genetic; Secondary: acquired.
HIV — genetic material?
ssRNA.
HIV enzymes?
Reverse transcriptase, integrase.
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1. What is Guillain-Barré syndrome primarily characterized as?
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