QCM : Immunology: Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity — 8 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What is Guillain-Barré syndrome primarily characterized as?

A systemic autoimmune disease marked by antibodies against nuclear proteins
An autoimmune disorder involving immune-mediated damage to peripheral nerve myelin
A demyelinating disease of the central nervous system involving T cell attack
A chronic autoimmune disease targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

An autoimmune disorder involving immune-mediated damage to peripheral nerve myelin

Explication

Guillain-Barré syndrome is characterized by immune-mediated damage to peripheral nerve myelin, often triggered by infections, as supported by the source definition.

2. What does chemotherapy primarily cause in relation to the immune system?

Secondary immunodeficiency by damaging immune cells
Autoimmune disorders through immune activation
Primary immunodeficiency due to genetic factors
Enhanced immune response against tumors

Secondary immunodeficiency by damaging immune cells

Explication

Chemotherapy primarily causes secondary immunodeficiency by damaging or depleting immune cells, leading to a compromised immune response.

3. What is a key characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Immune complex deposition in blood vessels causing vasculitis
T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity leading to tissue inflammation
Cytotoxic reactions mediated by IgG antibodies targeting cell surface components
IgE-mediated immediate allergic reactions involving mast cell activation and histamine release

IgE-mediated immediate allergic reactions involving mast cell activation and histamine release

Explication

Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by IgE-mediated immediate allergic reactions involving mast cell activation and histamine release, as described in the source.

4. What is an antigen in the context of the immune system?

A plasma protein that enhances immune responses through pathogen opsonization
A protein produced by B cells that recognizes and binds to pathogens
A substance that triggers an immune response, typically a foreign protein, polysaccharide, or molecule recognized by the immune system
A type of immune cell responsible for engulfing pathogens

A substance that triggers an immune response, typically a foreign protein, polysaccharide, or molecule recognized by the immune system

Explication

An antigen is defined as a substance that triggers an immune response, typically a foreign protein, polysaccharide, or molecule recognized by the immune system.

5. What are immunosuppressive drugs primarily used for?

To stimulate immune system activity in autoimmune diseases
To reduce or inhibit immune system activity in conditions like organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases
To enhance immune response against infections
To increase inflammation in chronic inflammatory conditions

To reduce or inhibit immune system activity in conditions like organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases

Explication

Immunosuppressive drugs are designed to reduce or inhibit immune system activity, often used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection or in autoimmune diseases to control immune-mediated damage.

6. Which enzyme encoded by HIV is responsible for converting viral ssRNA into DNA?

Neuraminidase
Reverse transcriptase
Hemagglutinin
Protease

Reverse transcriptase

Explication

Reverse transcriptase is responsible for converting HIV's ssRNA into DNA, a key step in the viral replication cycle, as explicitly stated in the source.

7. What is the role of loss of immune tolerance to self-antigens in autoimmune disorders?

It enhances the immune response against pathogens
It causes the immune system to attack the body's own tissues
It prevents the immune system from recognizing foreign antigens
It increases the production of antibodies against external toxins

It causes the immune system to attack the body's own tissues

Explication

Loss of tolerance to self-antigens causes the immune system to attack the body's own tissues, which is the fundamental mechanism underlying autoimmune diseases.

8. What is secondary immunodeficiency?

A deficiency caused by nutritional deficits
An acquired condition reducing immune response due to external factors
A congenital defect leading to immune system failure
A genetic mutation affecting immune cell development

An acquired condition reducing immune response due to external factors

Explication

Secondary immunodeficiency is an acquired condition that reduces immune response due to external factors like infections or drugs, as stated in the source.

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Immune system functions

Defends against pathogens, maintains tolerance.

Antigen — role?

Triggers immune response.

Antibodies — produced by?

B cells.

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