QCM : Introduction to Respiratory System — 12 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What best describes daily lung ventilation at rest and during normal activity?

About 30 breaths per minute and roughly 100 liters of air moved each day
About 5 breaths per minute and roughly 1,000 liters of air moved each day
About 15 breaths per minute and roughly 10,000 liters of air moved each day
About 60 breaths per minute and roughly 50,000 liters of air moved each day

About 15 breaths per minute and roughly 10,000 liters of air moved each day

Explication

Breathing is about 15 times per minute at rest, and the lungs move about 10,000 liters of air in and out each day. Physical activity increases both breathing rate and volume.

2. How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to deliver oxygen to body cells?

The lungs circulate blood while the heart only exchanges gases
Deoxygenated blood leaves the lungs and oxygenated blood returns from the body
Blood goes to the lungs for gas exchange, then oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the body
Air moves directly from the lungs into body cells without blood transport

Blood goes to the lungs for gas exchange, then oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the body

Explication

The lungs exchange gases with the blood, then oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped around the body. The lungs are not part of the circulatory system, but they work with it.

3. What is the correct airflow path through the main respiratory structures?

Mouth, trachea, pharynx, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
Nose, bronchi, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli
Nose or mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Nose or mouth, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea, alveoli

Nose or mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Explication

Air passes from the nose or mouth through the pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally to the alveoli. That sequence is the full airflow path described.

4. What is the main function of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

They increase gas exchange by thinning the airway walls
They keep the trachea rigid and open as air moves toward the bronchi
They pump air from the bronchi into the alveoli
They filter oxygen before it enters the bloodstream

They keep the trachea rigid and open as air moves toward the bronchi

Explication

Cartilage rings support the trachea so it stays open and does not collapse easily. Gas exchange happens later in the alveoli, not in the trachea.

5. Where does gas exchange occur, and what happens there?

In the larynx, where carbon dioxide is converted into oxygen
In the bronchi, where oxygen is stored for later use
In the trachea, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it
In the alveoli, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it

In the alveoli, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it

Explication

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, which have thin walls and are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses out to be exhaled.

6. What directly helps control the rate and depth of breathing?

The amount of oxygen stored in the stomach
The temperature of the alveoli
The color of the blood in the capillaries
The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

Explication

Breathing is regulated by carbon dioxide levels in the blood: higher CO2 drives breathing changes to remove it. The diaphragm and rib cage muscles help carry out those breathing movements.

7. What is the main respiratory structure used by fish for gas exchange?

Skin pores, which directly pump oxygen into the blood
Lungs, which inflate to absorb oxygen from air pockets
Air sacs, which store oxygen until the fish rests
Gills, which use capillaries to take up oxygen from water

Gills, which use capillaries to take up oxygen from water

Explication

Fish use gills, and capillaries in the gills take up oxygen from water. Some fish must keep swimming so water continues moving over the gills.

8. Which combination best matches tuberculosis symptoms and diagnosis?

Headache, rash, and diagnosis by blood sugar testing
Stomach pain, vomiting, and diagnosis by urine testing
Fever, cough, weight loss, tiredness, chest pain, and diagnosis by x-ray
Sneezing, itchy eyes, and diagnosis by lung biopsy only

Fever, cough, weight loss, tiredness, chest pain, and diagnosis by x-ray

Explication

TB commonly causes fever, cough, weight loss, tiredness, and chest pain, and it can be diagnosed with an x-ray of the lungs. It is an infectious disease that can spread between people.

9. What causes the breathing problem in asthma attacks?

Alveoli fill with fluid, blocking oxygen exchange
The trachea develops cartilage rings that block air
The diaphragm stops working because of infection
Bronchioles constrict, reducing airflow to the alveoli

Bronchioles constrict, reducing airflow to the alveoli

Explication

Asthma is characterized by narrowing of the bronchioles, which reduces airflow to the alveoli. Inhalers are used to relieve the symptoms during an attack.

10. What is the key effect of emphysema on the lungs?

The rib cage muscles weaken and cannot move
The trachea becomes infected by bacteria
Bronchioles fill with fluid, stopping airflow completely
Alveoli walls deteriorate, reducing the lungs' gas exchange ability

Alveoli walls deteriorate, reducing the lungs' gas exchange ability

Explication

Emphysema involves deterioration of the alveoli walls, which impairs gas exchange. Smoking is the stated cause linked to this damage.

11. What happens in pneumonia?

Bronchioles constrict because of an allergic reaction
The trachea becomes rigid because of cartilage damage
The lungs stop receiving oxygen because blood leaves them
Alveoli fill with fluid, which blocks gas exchange

Alveoli fill with fluid, which blocks gas exchange

Explication

In pneumonia, fluid fills the alveoli and prevents efficient gas exchange. It can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.

12. Which statement best describes bronchitis?

Deterioration of alveoli walls caused by smoking
Fluid filling the alveoli due to fungal infection
A bacterial infection that always requires antibiotics
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually follows a cold and often clears within about 10 days

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually follows a cold and often clears within about 10 days

Explication

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, usually developing from a cold or another respiratory infection, and it generally goes away within about 10 days. Because it is generally viral, antibiotics won’t help.

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Respiration rate — breaths per minute?

About 15 breaths per minute at rest.

Daily lung ventilation — volume?

Approximately 10,000 liters of air.

Oxygen delivery — role?

Supplies oxygen to body cells.

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