QCM : Pathology of Tumors and Glomerulonephritis — 10 questions

Explication

Membranous glomerulonephritis is characterized by electron-dense thickening of the glomerular basement membrane caused by immune complex deposits on the subepithelial side, leading to spike and dome appearance histologically.

Explication

The t(10;18)(q24;q21) translocation results in the overexpression of bcl-2, which is characteristic of follicular lymphoma. This translocation inhibits apoptosis, promoting tumor cell survival. The other options are associated with different lymphomas: t(11;14) with mantle cell lymphoma, t(2;5) with ALCL, and t(8;14) with Burkitt lymphoma.

Explication

Genetic translocations like t(11;14) in mantle cell lymphoma and t(2;5) in ALCL are primarily used as diagnostic markers, helping to identify and classify specific lymphoma subtypes based on their unique genetic features.

Explication

The characteristic electron-dense thickening of the basement membrane caused by immune complex deposits in membranous glomerulonephritis was first clearly established and described in the 1950s, marking a significant development in understanding the disease's pathology.

Explication

Dysgerminoma is histologically similar to seminoma and generally less aggressive, whereas embryonal carcinoma is highly malignant with primitive cells, and teratocarcinoma contains both mature and immature tissues, indicating a different level of differentiation and aggressiveness.

Explication

Kimmelstiel and Wilson (1936) are credited with first describing the distinctive nodular glomerulosclerosis, known as Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules, in diabetic nephropathy, making them the correct attribution for this histological feature.

Explication

A common cause of neoplastic lesions like follicular lymphoma is a genetic translocation, such as t(10;18), which results in overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2, promoting tumor development.

Explication

The formation of basement membrane spikes is a characteristic histological feature of membranous glomerulonephritis, caused by immune complex deposits on the outer basement membrane leading to spike and dome appearance, which helps in diagnosing this specific disease.

Explication

The t(10;18) translocation is characteristic of follicular lymphoma and results in the overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2, promoting tumor cell survival. The other translocations are associated with different lymphomas or conditions: t(11;14) with mantle cell lymphoma, t(2;5) with anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and t(8;14) with Burkitt lymphoma.

Explication

Tumor staging is a process that classifies the extent of cancer based on tumor size, invasion, lymph node involvement, and metastasis, which helps in prognosis and treatment planning.