Atomic theory — founder?
Democritus proposed atoms as indivisible particles.
Dalton’s atomic theory — claim?
Atoms of the same element are identical; different elements have different atoms.
Thomson’s model — feature?
Atom contains electrons within a positive sphere.
Rutherford’s model — discovery?
Nucleus is dense and positively charged.
Bohr’s model — electrons?
Electrons occupy fixed energy levels.
Cathode ray tube — deflects?
Electrons toward positive, protons toward negative plates.
Atomic number (Z) — definition?
Number of protons in an atom.
Mass number (A) — formula?
Protons plus neutrons (A = Z + neutrons).
Isotopes — difference?
Same Z, different neutrons.
Principal quantum number — symbol?
n; labels electron shells.
Hund’s Rule — principle?
Electrons occupy separate orbitals before pairing.
Ionization energy — trend?
Increases across a period, decreases down a group.
s-block elements — last orbital?
s orbital, group 1 and 2.
Cr and Cu — electron config?
Prefer half-filled (Cr) and fully filled (Cu) d-subshells.
Teste tes connaissances avec un QCM de 14 questions sur Fundamentals of Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends.
1. Which statement best describes Dalton’s atomic theory?
2. What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment support about the atom?
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