Fundamentals of Cell Biology and Physics

📋 Course Outline

1. Animal and plant cell structures
2. Cell respiration and energy release
3. Photosynthesis equation and chlorophyll
4. States of matter and particle movement
5. Elements, compounds, mixtures and pH indicators
6. Forces, speed formula and energy transfer

📖 1. Animal and plant cell structures

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Animal cell : Animal cell : A cell type with nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and mitochondria.
• Plant cell : Plant cell : A cell type that includes all animal-cell parts plus cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuole.
• Nucleus : Nucleus : The cell part that controls cell activities.
• Mitochondria : Mitochondria : The cell part that releases energy during respiration.

📝 Essential Points

• Animal cells include nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and mitochondria.
• Plant cells include everything in animal cells plus cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuole.
• Chloroplasts are found in plants only and carry out photosynthesis.
• Nucleus controls the cell, while mitochondria are linked to energy release.
• Vacuole is a plant-cell feature (not listed for animal cells).

💡 Memory Hook

Plant = Animal + extras: wall + chloroplasts + vacuole.

📖 2. Cell respiration and energy release

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions