The powerhouses of the cell
Explication
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. This nickname reflects their critical role in energy production within cells.
Enzymes increase the speed of digestion by catalyzing reactions, and their denaturation can slow down digestion.
Explication
Enzymes catalyze digestion reactions, increasing their speed. When enzymes denature due to unsuitable conditions, their activity decreases, slowing down digestion.
Amylase, which breaks down starch into sugars
Explication
Amylase acts first in digestion to break down starch into sugars, as it targets carbohydrates early in the digestive process. Lipase and protease act on fats and proteins, respectively, but typically after carbohydrates are partially digested. The options reflect the order in which these enzymes generally act during digestion.
Xylem transports water and mineral ions, while phloem transports sugars.
Explication
Xylem transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves, whereas phloem transports sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The options correctly reflect their distinct functions, making option 0 the accurate comparison.
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds
Explication
The active site is the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds, enabling the enzyme to catalyze the reaction efficiently. It has a shape complementary to the substrate, which is key to enzyme specificity.
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Cell membrane — role?
Controls substance movement in/out of cell
Mitochondria — function?
Site of energy release via respiration
Biological molecules — main types?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals
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