A structure made of condensed DNA that carries genetic information
Explication
A chromosome is a structure made of condensed DNA that carries genetic information, organizing genes within the cell for transmission during cell division.
A double helix of two DNA strands
Explication
The double helix structure of DNA, composed of two strands, is the key feature that carries genetic information, as described in the source content. Proteins and carbohydrates are not the main carriers of genetic instructions.
XX
Explication
Females have XX sex chromosomes, which determine the female biological sex in humans. The XY pair is found in males, YY is not a typical human sex chromosome pair, and XO is associated with Turner syndrome, not normal female sex chromosomes.
23 pairs
Explication
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 individual chromosomes; this is a core fact from the content. The number 78 refers to dogs, which have 39 pairs.
A unit on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Explication
Genes are specific units located on chromosomes that carry instructions for traits, not just DNA strands or proteins on their own.
Alleles are different forms of a gene at a specific locus
Explication
Alleles are different versions of the same gene at a particular locus, which account for variations in traits like eye color, according to the content.
Dogs (39 pairs)
Explication
Dogs have 39 pairs of chromosomes, which is more than humans’ 23 pairs; this showcases the variation among species discussed.
An extra chromosome 21 leading to Down syndrome
Explication
Trisomy 21 refers to an individual having three copies of chromosome 21, which is associated with Down syndrome, as provided in the content.
Chromosomes are condensed structures of DNA that organize genetic material
Explication
Chromosomes are condensed forms of DNA that organize genetic information during cell division, as explained in the key points.
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DNA — structure?
Double helix of nucleotides.
DNA — structure?
Double helix of two strands.
Chromosomes — function?
Carry genetic information in condensed form.
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