QCM : Genetic Improvement Techniques in Plant Breeding — 8 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What does the term 'Selection Method' refer to in plant breeding?

A method of inducing mutations to generate genetic variation in crops.
A process of selecting superior phenotypes based on observable traits and propagating their seed.
A technique of crossing different varieties to produce hybrids with heterosis.
A process of choosing the best genotypes based on genetic markers and DNA analysis.

A process of selecting superior phenotypes based on observable traits and propagating their seed.

Explication

Selection Method in plant breeding refers to the process of choosing superior phenotypes based on observable traits and propagating their seed, which helps increase favorable alleles and maintain genetic diversity, especially in cross-pollinated crops.

2. What is the main advantage of using the 'Selection of superior phenotypes and bulking their seed' method in crop improvement?

It increases the genetic variability of the population.
It is especially effective in cross-pollinated crops.
It is only suitable for low heritability traits.
It requires complex and expensive technology.

It is especially effective in cross-pollinated crops.

Explication

This method is particularly effective in cross-pollinated crops like maize because these species maintain high genetic variability, facilitating the selection of superior traits. It is simple and cost-effective, suitable for moderate to high heritability traits.

3. What does mass selection primarily exploit in self-pollinated crops?

New variation created through mutation
Superior heterozygous lines
Environmental adaptation
Existing genetic variation

Existing genetic variation

Explication

Mass selection relies on existing genetic variation within a population of self-pollinated crops, selecting the best homozygous lines without creating new variation. It does not involve mutation or focusing solely on heterozygosity or environmental adaptation.

4. In which type of crop does mass selection work best, given its reliance on genetic diversity?

Autogamous crops like wheat and rice.
Cross-pollinated crops such as maize and sorghum.
Vegetatively propagated crops.
Clonally propagated crops.

Cross-pollinated crops such as maize and sorghum.

Explication

Mass selection works best in cross-pollinated crops like maize, where genetic diversity is maintained, allowing beneficial alleles to be effectively selected and increased in frequency.

5. Why is selection effective mainly for traits with moderate to high heritability?

Because these traits are primarily controlled by environmental factors.
Because these traits are more reliably passed from parent to offspring.
Because low heritability traits cannot be observed.
Because it requires molecular markers to assess traits.

Because these traits are more reliably passed from parent to offspring.

Explication

Traits with moderate to high heritability are mostly controlled by genetics, making phenotypic selection more reliable because the observed trait closely reflects the genetic potential.

6. What makes selection a particularly simple and cheap method in plant breeding?

It requires advanced genetic engineering techniques.
It uses minimal technical resources and relies on observable traits.
It involves complex molecular diagnostics.
It depends on expensive laboratory experiments.

It uses minimal technical resources and relies on observable traits.

Explication

Selection is considered simple and inexpensive because it mainly involves observing phenotypes and selecting the best performers without requiring advanced technology.

7. Which statement accurately describes the goal of recurrent selection?

To identify the best single plant for immediate cultivation.
To repeatedly select and breed individuals to increase the frequency of favorable alleles.
To fix all genetic variation in the population.
To create genetically identical clones.

To repeatedly select and breed individuals to increase the frequency of favorable alleles.

Explication

Recurrent selection involves repeatedly selecting individuals with desirable traits and intercrossing them, effectively increasing the prevalence of favorable alleles over generations.

8. How does mutation breeding differ from traditional selection methods?

It introduces new genetic variation through mutations.
It relies solely on phenotypic selection of existing traits.
It is only used in vegetatively propagated crops.
It does not involve genetic changes.

It introduces new genetic variation through mutations.

Explication

Mutation breeding deliberately induces genetic mutations to create new variation, which can then be selected for improved traits, unlike traditional methods that rely on existing variation.

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Selection Methods — purpose?

Improve traits through phenotypic selection.

Selection — purpose?

Enhance desirable traits in crops.

Mass Selection — key trait?

Select superior homozygous lines from variable populations.

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