Endothelial dysfunction — role?
Initiates atherogenesis by increasing permeability and adhesion.
Atherosclerosis — definition?
Lipid deposits in medium-large arteries
LDL oxidation — process?
LDL becomes oxidized in sub-endothelial space.
Risk factors — examples?
Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, age
Monocyte recruitment — mechanism?
Attracted by endothelial adhesion molecules.
Initiate with?
Endothelial dysfunction
Foam cells — origin?
Derived from macrophages ingesting oxidized LDL.
LDL — role?
Infiltrates and oxidizes in the arterial wall
Fatty streak — hallmark?
Early atherosclerotic lesion consisting of foam cells.
Foam cells — origin?
Monocytes that migrate and transform
VSMC migration — effect?
Contributes to fibrous plaque formation by collagen production.
Plaque components — include?
Lipid core, fibrous cap, cellular elements
Fibrous plaque — structure?
Core of lipids and foam cells, covered by collagen cap.
Plaque stability depends on?
Collagen content and lipid richness
Lipid core — contents?
Lipids, foam cells, necrotic debris.
Fibrous cap — function?
Protects core; stability depends on collagen content.
Cap rupture — consequence?
Thrombus formation and potential vessel occlusion.
Thrombus — outcome?
Partial or complete vessel blockage.
Critical stenosis — percentage?
Typically >70-75%, leading to symptoms.
Symptoms — common manifestation?
Ischemic symptoms like angina, stroke, or claudication.
LDL threshold — >200 mg/dl?
High risk of atherosclerosis.
Blood pressure — hypertension?
Systolic ≥140 mmHg, diastolic ≥90 mmHg.
Plaque stability — collagen content?
Stable: high collagen; unstable: lipid-rich.
Stages — development sequence?
Initiation, fatty streak, fibrous plaque, complicated plaque.
Affected arteries?
Coronary, carotid, lower limb arteries.
Early lesion — in ages?
10-20 years old.
Symptomatic threshold?
>70-75% stenosis.
Acute event — cause?
Plaque rupture with thrombus formation.
Chronic ischemia — sign?
Stable angina, limb claudication.
Unstable plaque — feature?
Lipid-rich, thin fibrous cap, high rupture risk.
Foam cell role?
Main cell type in early lesion.
Extracellular debris — composition?
Necrotic lipids and cell remnants.
VSMC migration — effect on stability?
Enhances stability via collagen production.
Clinical arteries affected?
Coronary, carotid, limb arteries.
Testez vos connaissances avec un QCM de 21 questions sur Understanding Atherosclerosis Development.
1. Which of the following is a primary risk factor that contributes to endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis?
2. Which factors are primarily associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis according to the revision sheet?
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