QCM : Cell Biology and Genetics Fundamentals — 6 questions

Question 1

1. What is the main role of the cell membrane in cellular activity?

To synthesize proteins

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

To produce energy for the cell

To store genetic information

Explication

The cell membrane primarily functions to regulate what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis. It does not produce energy (which mitochondria do), store genetic info (which the nucleus does), or synthesize proteins (which ribosomes do).

Answer

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 2

2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

To produce ATP through aerobic respiration

To synthesize proteins

To store genetic information

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Explication

Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they generate ATP via aerobic respiration, providing energy for cellular functions. Protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes, DNA is stored in the nucleus, and the cell membrane controls substance movement.

Answer

To produce ATP through aerobic respiration

Question 3

3. How do mitosis and meiosis differ in their outcomes regarding genetic diversity and cell number?

Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.

Mitosis reduces chromosome number, but meiosis maintains it.

Mitosis produces four genetically diverse cells, while meiosis produces two identical cells.

Mitosis involves two rounds of division, but meiosis involves only one.

Explication

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair, while meiosis creates four genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number, crucial for sexual reproduction.

Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.

Question 4

4. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Cytokinesis

Explication

DNA replication takes place in the S phase of interphase, preparing the cell for division by ensuring each daughter cell will have an identical set of chromosomes.

Answer

Interphase

Question 5

5. Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA in 1953?

James Watson and Francis Crick

Gregor Mendel

Rosalind Franklin

Erwin Chargaff

Explication

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with elucidating the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, building on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data.

Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 6

6. What role do ribosomes play within a cell?

Protein synthesis

Lipid production

DNA replication

Waste elimination

Explication

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery where proteins are assembled based on genetic instructions, essential for cell function and structure.

Answer

Protein synthesis

QCM : Cell Biology and Genetics Fundamentals — 6 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What is the main role of the cell membrane in cellular activity?

2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

3. How do mitosis and meiosis differ in their outcomes regarding genetic diversity and cell number?

4. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

5. Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA in 1953?

6. What role do ribosomes play within a cell?

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