Legislative power
Explication
Legislative power is the function that makes laws through Parliament. The executive runs government and the judiciary settles disputes.
House of Commons, House of Lords, and the Monarch
Explication
Parliament is described as the House of Commons plus the House of Lords, acting with the Monarch for legislation. The executive and judiciary are separate branches.
Everyone is subject to the law and punishment follows only a legal breach
Explication
The Rule of Law means everyone is subject to the law, with punishment only when the law has been broken. It applies equally rather than creating exemptions.
Government should limit itself by law and enforce those limits itself
Explication
Self-enforcement is the idea that government should be limited by law and should enforce those limits itself. It is about the state policing its own boundaries.
Common law and case law
Explication
Common law and case law are constitutional authorities developed through judicial decisions. Statute law comes from Acts of Parliament instead.
Magna Carta 1215
Explication
Magna Carta 1215 is named among the statute-law sources. The other options are not listed as statute-law authorities in the material.
To prevent elective dictatorship by limiting executive domination
Explication
Checks and balances are aimed at preventing an elective dictatorship by limiting executive dominance. They are designed to constrain the executive, not to eliminate elections.
Parliament
Explication
The material explicitly states that there are no checks on Parliament. The listed checks are aimed at the executive instead.
Human Rights Act
Explication
The Human Rights Act is identified as the constitutional reform statute connected to bringing human-rights protection into UK law. The other acts address different reforms.
A fixed 5-year tenure for Parliament
Explication
The Fixed-Term Parliament Act is described as setting a fixed 5-year tenure for Parliament. It is part of the later reform sequence linked to the coalition period.
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Branches of Power — roles?
Legislative makes laws, executive runs government, judiciary settles disputes.
Principles — sovereignty?
Parliament is the supreme law-making authority.
Sources — main types?
Statute law, common law, conventions, EU law.
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