The Fugitive Slave Act was first passed by the federal government on the 4th of February 1793.
The bill prohibited assistance with:
📌 The federal government ordered all citizens to help catch runaway slaves and allowed action against people who obstructed or helped escaped fugitives.
Aider un fugitif → risquer d’enfreindre la loi
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📌 The Boston poster advised residents to keep a sharp lookout for kidnappers and slave catchers.
Compléments
South: capture; North: protect
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The Underground Railroad is considered by many to be the first great freedom movement in the Americas and the first time that people of different races and fates worked together for freedom and justice.
Codes were used because the organisation was secretive and people risked their lives for freedom.
The code words included tracks for routes, stations or depots for hiding places, conductors for guides, agents for sympathisers, station masters for people hiding slaves, passengers or cargo for escaped slaves, tickets for travel authorisation, stockholders for financial supporters, freedom trails for routes, terminal, heaven or Promised Land for Canada and the northern free states, and the drinking gourd for the Big Dipper constellation. — Dr. Bryan Walls, Underground Railroad: The William Still Story, 2011
Compléments
Un chemin de fer secret reliant des stations jusqu’à la liberté
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📌 Les modaux expriment différents degrés de probabilité : might exprime le degré le plus faible, may environ 50 %, must un degré fort et will le degré le plus élevé.
📌 Pour situer la probabilité dans le temps, on utilise modal + have + participe passé pour le passé, modal + be + V-ing pour le présent et modal + V pour le futur.
Compléments
The sentence “These code words must have been used to deceive slave masters” exprime une forte probabilité concernant un fait passé.
The sentence “The mayor is not here. He must be attending the celebration” exprime une forte probabilité concernant un fait présent.
MIGHT → MAY → MUST → WILL
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📌 On utilise la voix passive lorsque le sujet grammatical n’est pas à l’origine de la situation.
Compléments
📌 Le complément d’agent est introduit par by et n’est mentionné que lorsqu’il est important pour l’information donnée.
Active: l’agent agit; passive: le sujet subit
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In the letter, “goods”, “boxes” and “train” are repeated code words for escaped slaves travelling through the Underground Railroad.
The large and small boxes represent adults and children who were runaway slaves.
The escaped slaves were sent from Harrisburg to Reading, kept safely overnight, and then forwarded to Elmira.
Compléments
De grandes et petites boîtes cachant des voyageurs
| Modal | Degré de probabilité | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| might | faible | She might meet abolitionists. |
| may | environ 50 % | The house may be a safe house. |
| must | fort | He must be attending the celebration. |
| will | très fort | The patrols will be nearby. |
| Voix | Sujet grammatical | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| Active | Agent de l’action | Harriet Tubman saved them. |
| Passive | Élément qui subit l’action | Many slaves were saved by Harriet Tubman. |
Teste tes connaissances sur Esclavage et Underground Railroad avec 22 questions à choix multiples et corrections détaillées.
1. Que signifie « abolitionist » ?
2. Que signifient « slave owner » et « slaveholder » ?
Mémorisez les concepts clés de Esclavage et Underground Railroad avec 41 flashcards interactives.
What does abolitionist mean in English?
A person opposed to slavery.
How do you say « homme libre » in English?
Freeman.
What do slave owner and slaveholder mean in English?
Owner of slaves.
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