Fiche de révision : Walls and Breaking Barriers

📋 Plan du Cours

1. Murs célèbres et frontières
2. Matériaux et formes des murs
3. Fonctions et objectifs des murs
4. Faire tomber les barrières

📖 1. Murs célèbres et frontières

📝 Points essentiels

• Examples of famous real or fictional walls and borders include the Berlin Wall, the US-Mexico Border, the Israeli-Palestine Border, the Ice Wall in Game of Thrones, the Atlantic Wall, the emancipation wall of feminism, Hadrian's Wall, the Roman Wall, the Great Wall of China and the border between the two houses.

💡 Astuce mémo

Le mur de Berlin est réel, celui de Game of Thrones est fictif.

📖 2. Matériaux et formes des murs

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Wall materials : Wall materials include stone = pierre, brick = brique, barbed wire = barbelés, iron = fer, glass = verre, steel = acier, concrete = béton, ice = glace, wood = bois, green = vert, dirt = terre, edge = bord, cliffs = falaises, rubbish = déchets and pressure = pression.
• Invisible barriers : Invisible barriers are social obstacles such as stereotypes = stéréotypes, bias = préjugé, judgment = jugement, discrimination = discrimination and exclusion = exclusion.
• Wall nature : Walls can be borders = frontières, physical barriers = barrières physiques, frontiers or limits of property = frontières ou limites de propriété, fortifications = fortifications, or inward psychological walls and societal limits = murs psychologiques intérieurs et limites sociales.

📝 Points essentiels

• Examples of inward or specialized barriers include the Glass Ceiling = plafond de verre and firewalls = pare-feu.

📖 3. Fonctions et objectifs des murs

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Wall purposes : Walls may be built to civilize or terrorize the world, protect and defend, contain or jail people, keep people away, control, minimize or manipulate, abuse strength or power, exploit, label people, trap people, set a limit or frontier, control trade and exchanges, create money, or access borders.
• Exploit : To exploit means to use someone or something and see what can be gained; to appropriate means to steal or use what belongs to someone else.

📝 Points essentiels

• Walls may be used to control trade and exchanges, create money or access borders.

📖 4. Faire tomber les barrières

🔑 Notions clés & Définitions

• Methods of change : Methods proposed for overcoming barriers include getting an education = faire des études, ignoring them = les ignorer, protesting = protester, demonstrating = manifester, taking a stand = prendre position and boycotting = boycotter.
• Collective action : Further methods include allowing or putting an end to political conflicts, relying on political goodwill and wise decisions, voicing or affirming convictions, establishing bonds such as friendship and communication, sharing and helping through charity work, breaking down stereotypes or clichés, promoting open-mindedness and opening one's blinkers.

★ À maîtriser

• Walls and barriers can be broken down by :
  • destroying them
  • attacking them
  • exploding them
  • pushing them

Compléments

• The course also suggests taking distance from others, stopping thinking or distancing yourself as ways of responding to barriers.

• The course calls an action that produces a major change a game changer.

💡 Astuce mémo

Take a stand, puis take action : agir pour faire tomber les barrières.