QCM : Foundations of Legal English — 9 questions

Question 1

1. What is the primary purpose of equity developed by the Court of Chancery?

To replace the doctrine of precedent in civil cases

To create a separate legal system independent of common law

To provide remedies like specific performance and injunctions

To establish criminal penalties for misconduct

Explication

Equity was developed by the Court of Chancery to provide fair remedies that were not available under common law, such as specific performance and injunctions. It complements common law and addresses cases where strict application of legal rules would result in unfairness.

Answer

To provide remedies like specific performance and injunctions

Question 2

2. Which source of law is characterized by laws enacted by legislatures and includes statutes and delegated legislation?

Case law from judicial decisions

Statutes and delegated legislation

Constitutions and treaties

Legal principles derived from customs

Explication

The main sources of law include statutes and delegated legislation, which are laws enacted by legislatures. Case law, constitutions, and customs are other sources but do not include statutes and delegated legislation specifically.

Answer

Statutes and delegated legislation

Question 3

3. Which principle ensures that EU law takes precedence over conflicting national laws?

Harmonization

Subsidiarity

Direct effect

Supremacy

Explication

The principle of supremacy of EU law states that EU law overrides conflicting national laws, ensuring uniform application across member states. This is fundamental for the functioning of the EU legal system.

Answer

Actus reus and mens rea

Answer

Actus reus and mens rea

Answer

Unwritten and based on parliamentary sovereignty

Answer

International Monetary Fund

Answer

Life of author plus 70 years

Question 4

4. In the context of criminal liability, what two elements are necessary according to the revision sheet?

Actus reus and mens rea

Doli incapax and negligence

Precedent and ratio decidendi

Causation and damages

Explication

Criminal liability typically requires actus reus (the guilty act) and mens rea (the guilty mind). Negligence and causation are relevant but not the core elements for liability.

Question 5

5. In criminal law, which two elements must generally be proven to establish liability for an offense?

Causation and damages

Intention and motive

Actus reus and mens rea

Breach of duty and harm caused

Explication

Criminal liability typically requires proof of actus reus (the guilty act) and mens rea (the guilty mind). Both elements must be established to prove that a defendant committed a crime intentionally or recklessly.

Question 6

6. Which characteristic best describes the UK constitution as outlined in the revision sheet?

Written and codified like the US Constitution

Unwritten and based on parliamentary sovereignty

Enforced by a strict separation of powers

Controlled by the European Court of Justice

Explication

The UK constitution is unwritten, relying on statutes, conventions, and case law, with parliamentary sovereignty as a key feature, unlike the US's written constitution.

Question 7

7. Which institution is NOT listed as part of the EU law framework according to the release sheet?

European Commission

European Parliament

European Court of Justice (ECJ)

International Monetary Fund

Explication

The European Commission, Parliament, and ECJ are key EU institutions. The IMF is an international organization but not part of EU law institutions.

Question 8

8. What is the duration of copyright protection as specified in the revision sheet?

Life of author plus 70 years

10 years from publication

20 years after patent application

Indefinite, as long as it is used commercially

Explication

Copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years, providing long-term protection for creators' works.

Question 9

9. Which procedural step is typically performed after the exchange of evidence in a legal process?

Writ issuance

Trial

Judgment

Appeal

The trial takes place after evidence exchange, followed by judgment and then appeal if needed.

Explication

The typical procedural flow is exchange of evidence → trial → judgment → appeal if necessary. Trial occurs after evidence exchange.

QCM : Foundations of Legal English — 9 questions

Questions et réponses du QCM

1. What is the primary purpose of equity developed by the Court of Chancery?

2. Which source of law is characterized by laws enacted by legislatures and includes statutes and delegated legislation?

3. Which principle ensures that EU law takes precedence over conflicting national laws?

4. In the context of criminal liability, what two elements are necessary according to the revision sheet?

5. In criminal law, which two elements must generally be proven to establish liability for an offense?

6. Which characteristic best describes the UK constitution as outlined in the revision sheet?

7. Which institution is NOT listed as part of the EU law framework according to the release sheet?

8. What is the duration of copyright protection as specified in the revision sheet?

9. Which procedural step is typically performed after the exchange of evidence in a legal process?

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