QCM : UK Law and Justice: Principles and Challenges — 12 questions

Explication

'Parliamentary Sovereignty' means that Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the UK, capable of creating or ending any law, and that no other body can override its legislation, as explicitly described in the context.

Explication

The European Convention on Human Rights was adopted in 1950, establishing a framework for protecting fundamental rights across member states, including the UK.

Explication

Parliamentary sovereignty's main function is to establish Parliament as the ultimate law-making body in the UK, capable of creating or ending any law, with no other body able to invalidate its legislation.

Explication

The Human Rights Act was enacted in 1998, integrating the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law and marking a significant development in the legal protections of human rights and the resolution of international law conflicts.

Explication

UK legal foundations are rooted in domestic common law and statutes, establishing the core legal system, while human rights protections, such as those in the Human Rights Act 1998, originate from international treaties like the ECHR that are incorporated into UK law, thus differing in their sources and influence.

Explication

Sir William Blackstone is credited with articulating and popularizing the concept of the Rule of Law through his seminal work, Commentaries on the Laws of England, published in 1765. His writings laid the foundation for modern understanding of legal sovereignty and the importance of the law as a safeguard against arbitrary power. The other options, while influential in political philosophy and law, are not credited with formulating this specific concept in the context of UK legal tradition.

Explication

The primary cause of constitutional tensions is that international treaties, such as the ECHR, can sometimes conflict with UK legislation, leading to debates about sovereignty and the legal hierarchy.

Explication

Implementing community sanctions and alternative sentencing directly addresses overcrowding by reducing the number of inmates in prisons. Increasing prison capacity may be impractical or only a temporary fix, and focusing solely on security or reducing parole does not address the root cause of overcrowding.

Explication

Overcrowding in prisons is a key feature that directly impacts safety by leading to poor living conditions and increased violence, which compromises the safety of inmates and staff.

Explication

Systemic bias refers to embedded discrimination and inequalities within institutions and systems, which can lead to disproportionate disadvantages for certain groups, especially minorities, across the legal and institutional framework.

Explication

The correct answer is the 'Equality Act 2010,' which is explicitly mentioned as the legislation that consolidates and strengthens anti-discrimination protections in the UK.

Explication

The primary role of the Equality Act 2010 is to prevent discrimination and promote equality across various protected characteristics, ensuring fair treatment and equal opportunities for all.